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4000 BCE
Gold
Gold is the most malleable element and is found in pure form. It is a very valuable resource and is used for making jewelry, coins and a long time ago masks, weapons. No known discoverer but the name comes from the word for metal from the Anglo Saxons. These workers with metal found value in it and were not scientists. It has been dated back to 7000-4000BC, and was identified prior to 1600. -
4000 BCE
Silver
This element is found sometimes in its pure form. This element was discovered after gold and copper they believe from the ancient times by the Greeks. There is not a known discoverer of this element. This element conducts electricity best of all the elements. Itis a valuable element also. It is often used for jewelry, silverware, and coins. A long time ago, it was also used for weapons and sacrificial offerings. It is dated to be discovered prior to 1600 per our book. (p. 157) -
3500 BCE
Carbon
This element is usually very hard like a diamond or very soft like graphite. It is the basis of all organic molecules, including plants and animals. the founder was not exact but from ancient times. The Egyptians and Sumerians were noted to have history with this element. They "smelted" carbon with ores to reduce the metals to its purest forms, per the book (p. 9). They did this about the 3500's BC. -
3500 BCE
Iron
Iron is a medium/hard metal that is used for structures of buildings and was used for weapons a long time ago. It was found with a lot of the Egyptian tombs , so there was not a certain founder of this element. Iron was discovered approximately 3500BC, but is identified prior to 1600. -
3500 BCE
Tin
Tin is a non corroding soft metal. It is unknown about who found it since it was in the ancient times. This element is what is mixed with-copper to make bronze during the bronze age. It is used to make tin cups and it is also used in fire sprinklers. Known prior to 1600. -
1790 BCE
Alkaline Metals
Alkaline Metals are used to fuse glass and also is used in lithium batteries. It is also a metals in which are used in a lot of wires and chemicals. These were discovered in scotland by multiple chemist. -
1790 BCE
Alkaline-Earth Metals
elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium and these are reactive, electropositive, divalent metals, and form basic oxides that react with water to form comparatively insoluble hydroxides. These were discovered by multiple chemist in england in 1790 -
1680 BCE
Bases
bases are substances that taste bitter and are slippery to the touch. They use a base in litmus tests. (p. 153) Robert Boyle was the scientist who discovered the difference between and acid and a base through experiments he did, (p 40). -
1600 BCE
Copper
Copper is one of the few metals found in pure form, not common like gold. Copper is a soft metal that conducts heat and electricity. It was used early on for weapons and later fused with tin to make bronze and now is used for wires. The founders were ancient people in the Middle East, but there was not a specified founder noted in history. The book says that copper was discovered prior to the 1600's (p.157). -
1013 BCE
Alloys
An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. Alfred Wilm is a scientist who discovered precipitation hardening alloys, such as aluminum, titanium and copper in 1906. Benjamin Huntsman discovered crucible steel in 1740 which is another alloy. The Egypitans discovered it earlier on before they were identified as alloys and the Chinese dynasty made arrowheads that were alloys so they didn't dull. -
500 BCE
Discover Dates from the Book
Gold- prior to 1600
Silver - prior to 1600
Copper - prior to 1600
Carbon - prior to 1600
Iron - prior to 1600
Lead - prior to 1600
Tin - prior to 1600
Sulfur- prior to 1600
Mercury- prior to 1600
Hydrogen 1766
Nitrogen 1772
Chlorine 1774
Oxygen 1774 -
Period: 500 BCE to 500
What is an ore?
A natural form of a precious metal or rock. The rock usually has high concentrations of metals in it 9p.156). -
Mercury
This element a liquid metal. It is commonly used in thermometers, so it is great for heat, also used in street lamps with fluorescent bulbs and in dentist offices. We were not sure who discovered it, since this was used in ancient times. Back then, it was used for poison and other toxic things. It was used by the Chinese and the Indians- found in the tombs. -
Atoms
John Dalton was the first to use the Democritus' theory in a model. and atoms are what make up everything. Boyle also agreed with the Democritus theory in 1661. -
Boyle's Law
the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, when temperature is held constant. Robert Boyle is the scientist in this laws and his theory came out in 1661. boyle thought there was one substance called"universal matter" and that matter was broken into many pieces. He thought the smallest of the pieces couldn't be destroyed, per the book (p.36). -
Compounds
This is when there are two or more elements combined. In 1754, Joseph Black, separated Carbon Dioxide. In 1757, Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt discovered the arsenic compounds. -
Period: to
What is an element?
It is a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical change into simpler, purer substances (from the Mystery of the Periodic Table, p.2). -
Period: to
What are the 8 elements that make up 98.5% of the Earth?
Oxygen, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Silicone, Nickel and Sulfur. -
Nitrogen
This is one of the coldest elements on earth. It is a colorless gas like oxygen, and is 78% of all air. It is used for many things including explosives and fertilizers. Daniel Rutherford discovered this element. -
Oxygen
Oxygen is a colorless gas. It makes up 21% of air and 65% of our bodies. It is what we use to live on, basically. It is how we sustain our bodies and how we provide enough energy to our bodies. Oxygen was founded/discovered by Joseph Presltly and Carl Whelhem. -
Nitrous Oxide
This element is a chemical compound. It is an oxide of nitrogen also could be called laughing gas when used as an anesthetic by doctors and dentists. They use this in the dentist office to not feel pain. Joseph Priestley is one of the scientist who discovered it. Humphry Davy later named the process and its effect on the body that we know today. -
Chlorine
This element was discovered by W. Schelle and chorine is a poisonous gas but it is also used in pools -
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the lightest element and is basically nothing it is the most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen was discovered by Henry Cavernish. Hydrogen can be used in cars as fuel, in the space programs for NASA and in bombs. -
Sulfur
It is found as fragile solid that is often broken into a powder. It is found in rubber, acids, hair, nails , skunks and our skin. The discoverer of Sulfer was unknown, as it was from ancient times of the Chinese and Indians. -
Acids
Acids are sulfuric hydrochloric and nitric compounds that help separate and combine atoms and elements (this means they break things down). and Friedrich Miescher was the one who discovered them (p.26) It means sour. 1859 was when he discovered them. -
Groups and Periods
These are the basis of the periodic table. The groups are vertical columns and periods are the horizontal columns. Dmitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to create a periodic table most similar to the one we use today, it was created in 1869. The period number shows the highest level for an electron. The number of elements in a period goes up some as go down the periodic table. The columns are the groups and they are together because they have things in common. -
Atomic Numbers
atomic numbers are how many atoms are in an element, the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. They also are called proton numbers. They were created by Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley. -
Period: to
What were the first 7 basic elements used and by who?
The 7 basic elements (metals) that were first used were gold, iron, silver, iron, mercury, tin, copper and lead. These were identified by the alchemists in the book (p.21). Alchemy was named after the Arabic who used these in the 7th and 8th centuries, AD.
