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Period: to
1800-1860
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Steamboat 1807
Fulton’s goal was a success in the age of steamboats. soon, steamboats were taking passengers up and down the Atlantic coast. More important, steamboats started to travel in the west. besides carrying people, steamboats on the mississippi, ohio, and missouri rivers gave farmers and a cheap way to move goods. It helped them because, they could go places and took much faster. and easier to get there. -
Marbury vs Madison
the power the Supreme Court holds to review to a law to deem it unconstitutional or not. -
Marbury v. Madison
At the end of his term John Adams made federal appointments including William Marbury as Justice of the Peace. When Thomas Jefferson took office as the new President he refused to recognize the appointment of Marbury. At the direction of Jefferson, Madison refused to deliver the commission. Marbury sued Marshall and the case was decided in 1803 by the U.S Supreme Court. The decision established the principle of judicial review. Judicial review is the power the Supreme Court holds to review to a -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase marked one of the largest land transactions in history. Jefferson and the United States bought this parcel of land to insure the secure navigation of the Mississippi River for farmers to ship their goods. The Louisiana Purchase included 820,000,000 square miles of territory that was formerly owned by France. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States which expanded the nation westward. -
Lewis and Clark
In 1804 President Thomas Jefferson called Meriwether Lewis to explore the west of the Mississippi River and the newly bought Louisiana Territory. He expected to find things such as wooly mammoths, giant ground sloths, erupting volcanoes, and even a mountain of pure salt. Instead, Lewis, along with William Clark whom he had invited discovered over three hundred species of plants and animals. While on their journey, they, along with the Corps of Discovery, kept very detailed journal entries. They -
Lewis & Clark
Corps of Discovery, kept very detailed journal entries. They also traveled with Sacagawea and her infant baby. She was a tremendous help, as a translator and guide. Together, they met over 50 Native American tribes. The expedition ended in 1806 with new maps, friendships, and discoveries. -
Embargo Act
In 1807, Jefferson persuaded Congress to impose a total Embargo on foreign trade. Jefferson wanted to hurt france and Britain but it ended up hurting Americans,especially New England more than France and Britain.We were hurt because we couldn't import sugar, tea, or molasses. Sailors were naturally dismayed to find themselves without income. Napoleon is said to be assisting Jefferson in enforcing the act Jefferson on March 1, signed the Non-Intercourse Act, permitting U.S. trade with nations oth -
Embargo Act
Non-Intercourse Act, permitting U.S. trade with nations other than France and Great Britain.On Mar. 1, 1809, the embargo was superseded by the Nonintercourse Act. -
Lowell, Massachusetts
As the British built blockades, Americas imports were cut. The supply of foreign goods couldn't come to the US. So in 1810, Francis Cabot Lowell thought it would be a good idea to combine the spinning and weaving wheel to produce finished cotton from raw cotton. This became a factory town made for manufacturing goods. It consisted of over 10,000 people and was a great place for work. 3/4 of the employees at the Lowell Factory were women, and were called the "Lowell Girls." -
Lowell, Massachusetts
They played a major part in the industry. This was a big step for the Industrial Revolution. Lowell was the first city to be a major contributor to making factories and making goods from a factory. The town got its name because of Lowell's heroics and his contribution to the city. After Francis Cabot Lowell died, his friends carried on after him. This boosted and started the the Industrial Revolution. -
National Road
The National Road, in many places known as route 40, was built between 1811 and 1834 to reach the western settlements. It was the first federally funded road in U.S. history. George Washington and Thomas jefferson believed that a trans-Appalachian road was necessary for unifying the young country. In 1816 congress authorized construction of the National Road. It would connect Cumberland, Maryland to the Ohio River.1830s the federal government conveyed part of the road responsibility to the state -
Battle of Tippencaoe
defeat was a serious blow to Tecumseh's efforts to build a confederacy against the United States. Also,this unfortunate defeat damaged Tenskwatawa's reputation. -
Battle of Tippecanoe
The Battle of Tippecanoe started on November 7, 1811 over white settlement in Indian Territory. Governor Williams Henry Harrison led the white troops through battle while Tenskwatawa commanded the Indians.The Americans camped a mile away from Prophet's in hopes to destroy it. But the Prophet led a surprise attack on the Americans just before daybreak. Many American men woke awoke to find Indians upon them. In the end, Harrison's troops defeated the Prophet's forces and destroyed Prophetowns. The -
War of 1812
Before the war even began, there was much tension between Britain and the US. Great Britain was expanding on America's borders, which stopped American sea vessels and violated America's sovereignty. They also impressed American seamen. This broke the purpose of the Treaty of Paris. Congress finally declared war on 1812, June 8th. Many people like the South and West welcomed war. Fighting lasted 2 years. The United States wasn't all that prepared, they had sixteen ships and a small army. However -
Sacagawea
Sacagawea was significant for these reasons: She helped Lewis And Clark explore the western territory. She told them what supplies they would need for the expiation. And she told them which plants in the wild were good for medicine and food. and also her and her baby was a symbol of peace for the Corps of Discovery. -
Sacagawea
Sacagawea- Born in 1788 Lemhi County, Idaho and died in 1812. Around the age of 12, Sacagawea was captured by Hidatsa Indians, the enemy of her tribe. the Shoshone Indians. She was sold to a French-Canadian trapper named Toussaint Charbonneau, who made her one of his wifes. Sacagawea was significant for these reasons: She helped Lewis And Clark explore the western territory. She told them what supplies they would need for the expiation. -
War of 1812
the US Constitution won three battles in total. The White House and the Capital were both burned down but finally a peace treaty was signed in the city of Ghent, Belgium. The treaty was titled "The Treaty Of Ghent" and according to the treaty prisoners of the war were to be returned back to their respective nation, and America and Britain would get back their respective land. -
Battle of Lake Erie
and they are ours.” -
Battle of Lake Erie
The United States finally declared war on Great Britain on June 18, 1813.This occurred after years of tense relations caused by competition over the old Northwest Territory around the Great Lakes.On September, 10th, 1813,the British attacked the Americans.With only nine vessels and fifty four guns,the Americans defeated the British's six ships and sixty three cannons. When Americans won the battle American Captin Perry wrote a message of victory on the back of an envelope: “We have met the enemy -
Battle of New Orleans
while Americans only lost eight men and only had then injured. -
Battle of New Orleans
American soldiers that consisted of all different men- even African Americans were under General Andrew Jackson's command. They fought this battle ten miles South of New Orleans on the plains of Chalmette. During this battle they defeated the British, who had over three thousand more soldiers than the United States. The Treaty of Ghent was signed weeks after this, which ended the War of 1812. Even with more people the British lost seven hundred men, and fourteen hundred were left injured while -
Nov. 14 1815 robert fulton
Robert Fulton birth was Pennsylvania in 1765, Nov. 14. He died on Feb. 24, 1815 having created the service that carried american into a propose the future. Robert Fulton was an american inventor, of the civil engineer and artist. His father died when he was a little boy for 4 years making arts. Robert was finally able to buy a farm near the city for his mother. Robert went to London to study painting with Benjamin West who was a family friend. -
Nov. 14 1815 Robert Fulton
This time one of the leading Americans painters living in england. On feb 24 1815 he had erected a larger boat works in new Jersey and he was the one directing the ferryboat. In livingston he had richy and political powerful patron who was able to obtain. Robert Begins his work with a first class engines. His persistence belief in his idea steamboat become a major source. the united states and resulted in a significant reduction of domestic shipping cost. -
Erie Canal
off a chain reaction, because they made canals too. It stretched 363 miles and was enlarged due to growing traffic. The canal let western farmers ship their goods to NY ports. -
Erie Canal
New Yorkers wanted to build a canal linking rivers like the Hudson River to the Great Lakes. This canal was constructed from 1817-1825 and was named the Erie Canal. It cost $7.5 million dollars and was so successful that even with the shipping costs down 1/10 of what it was, the canal paid itself off in only 10 years. It helped NY become a city of commerce and brought a lot of business to towns along the routes. The building of the canal set off a chain reaction, because they made canals too. -
Period: to
Julianne,Dariya,Katie,Jacob and Brian
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Slavery Abolished in New York
After the American Revolution, the settlers in New York started to think that blacks may be equal. The Manumission Society helped convince the government that slavery in New York should be eliminated. In 1817, an act was passed that gave slaves, who were born before July 4th, 1799, freedom. By 1840 there were no more slaves left in New York. -
First Railroads/Locomotives Part 1
Pic citation The first locomotive made/used was created in America. Many workers whose job was to move freight on horse-drawn carriages, were scared of losing their jobs. There were many problems with these machines, though. Some of which are that they were not safe, there were weak bridges, buildings were set on fire by embers, and there was one one track which increased the chance of collisions. On the other hand, many people were solving some of the problems with the locomotives and railroads. -
First Railroads/Locomotives Part 2
Peter Cooper was one of them. Cooper put a revolving fan in locomotives for draught, gun barrels for boilers, and made the locomotives weigh less than one ton. James Wright invented treads, in 1829, to prevent wear of flanges (groove that allows the wheel to grip the rail better) and reduce resistance. Isaac Dripps who had never seen a locomotive before, made the first locomotive fitted with a bell, headlight, and cowcatcher. -
First Railroads/Locomotives Part 3
Dripps became the superintendent of motive power for the Pennsylvania Railroad because of his great work. In 1832, John Jervis created the first swiveling, four-wheeled guided truck which follows track and enables locomotives to travel with tighter curves. Lastly, George Stephenson created the Rocket in 1829 and applied the small, steam brake cylinder to locomotives. -
Indian Removal Act
Congress passed a law in 1830 stating that Native Americans should move from the southeast US and trade their land for more room for the American settlers. The government set it up so that the Natives who did relocate, would receive a pay from them. Jackson, who was president at the time, did sign to make it a law, but when the Native Americans realized that they were being pushed from their land and homes, they decided to fight back. Yes, the usual battle lines were vicious, ruthless, war, but -
Death of Jedediah Smith (2)
for the group he was traveling with. This was after Jedediah time as a fur trader, where he had decided to lead wagons for trade. Jedediah group allegedly found out about his death when finding his belongings being sold by a trader who bought from the Natives. -
Death of Jedediah Smith (1)
Jedediah Smith had a very large impact on expanding the knowledge of the west. He was a fur-trading explorer who reached very far west into territory with little to no previous information about the area. He was first put on an adventure to the west by William Ashley, which eventually led to adventures to places as far away as California. He and Thomas Fitzpatrick rediscovered the South Pass, an easier way through the Rockies. He was killed by hostile Comanche Indians while searching for water -
Nat Turner's Rebellion Part 1
Nat Turner was born and raised in Southampton County, Virginia. As a deeply religious man, Nat Turner had many visions, all coming from “the Spirit.” The final vision told him to do what he did during the rebellion. In the last vision, the Spirit told him that the serpent was loosened and that “Christ had laid down the yoke he had for the sins of men, and that he should take it on and fight the serpent.” -
Nat Turner's Rebellion Part 3
Intimidated and surprised, Turner and his men retreated, but came back to fight the state and federal government. Fifty-five white people were murdered, all together, and Turner was able to stay hidden in a cave for two months. In his confession, he explained everything that he did. Turner was hanged and executed for this rebellion and so were many innocent slaves. The outcome of this event was that many southern states “tightened restriction of African Americans.” -
Nat Turner's Rebellion Part 2
Turner did what he thought that this meant and met with six of his men to plan and eat dinner in the woods. The first “serpent” killed was Turner’s master: Joseph Travis. As Turner’s men went on killing any white person they encountered, more and more slaves were followed and fought on horseback with them. When word got around about Turner and his men, they were headed for Jerusalem. There, many white men, who had heard of them were ready to defend themselves. -
Black Hawk War
The Black Hawk War was a in 1832 between the United States and Native Americans headed by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader. The war started after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos known as the "British Band" crossed the Mississippi River into the U.S. state of Illinois in April 1832. Black Hawk's was apparently hoping to avoid bloodshed while resettling on land that had been ceded to the United States in a disputed 1804 t -
Oregon Trail (2)
to collect the fur from animals. Religious men used the Oregon Trail to spread their faith westward, establishing religious sites west before the bulk of people began settling there. -
Oregon Trail (1)
The Oregon Trail was a large part of American History. It started off being used by Native Americans, but the different paths were discovered in the 1810’s and 1820’s. It wasn’t until 1832 that the Benjamin Bonneville made use of the South Pass (a trail through the Rockies that was part of the Oregon Trail) by taking a 20 wagons with 110 men through it. During the 1820’s and early 1830’s, the trail was mainly used by fur traders and religious men. Fur trappers used the trail to get farther west -
Whig Party Part 2
This party was officially established in 1834 and means: a faction that opposed royal tyranny. During the reign of King George III, the patriots used the term, "Whig," signify their opposition to him. The Whigs were made up of National Republicans, Anti-masons, Nullifiers, and One-time Democrats. Even though they may have had different views on others issues, their anger at Jackson brought them together. The Whigs thought that Jackson's actions were unconstitutional, illegal, and tyrannic. -
Whig Party Part 3
They rallied against Jackson and even got Abraham Lincoln to join as a Whig. One issue did cause the Whigs to split: slavery. Once the Whigs split, the Whigs from the North were considered Conscience Whigs. These types of Whigs were Republicans and fought to end slavery. The Whigs from the South were considered Cotton Whigs. These types of Whigs were Democratic and worked with what they called "more sympathetic Democrats." -
Whig Party Part 4
The one thing that they agreed on, even though they were split was, as it says on source two's website, "the negative sense of opposing excessively concentrated power in the federal government." Lastly, once the Whigs lost power and people in Congress, all the tariff and banking issues were resolved and settled. -
Whig Party Part 1
During Jackson's presidency, he was criticized for what he did regarding the Supreme Court, his presidential war powers, and Native Americans; mostly for what he did regarding the Bank of the United States. Jackson decided to remove federal deposits from the Bank of the United States. The bank's charter said that federal money could be deposited in the B.U.S. (Bank of the United States), during 1816 through 1836. Because of this action, the Whig Party was formed. -
Texas Revolution P 2
The U.S. and Mexico could not decide on the border for Texas, so they went to battle. The last battle took place in 1836. Mexico ended up signing the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and Texas became independent. -
Texas Revolution P 1
Many Americans settled in Texas since the land was cheap. Mexicans were not happy about this because they were bringing slaves even though slavery was illegal in Mexico. People who live in Texas did not like the president of Mexico, so they tried to break away. The first battle was at a fort called the Alamo, which was in 1835. After that, a surprise attack, led by Sam Houston, was on San Jacinto. Texas won, so they were given independence. -
Texas Revolution
Mexico expected the American settlers to do many things that the settlers did not agree with. One of them was the mexican government expected them to convert to Roman Catholic but offered no services, no burials or even weekly mass. In result many kept their protestant religions. They were also forced to pay taxes but the government provided no services, not even protection from the Native Americans this highly angered the settlers and sparked a revolution. -
Second Seminole War Begins (2)
to move west, and the U.S. Government lost over $20,000,000 dollars. -
Second Seminole War Starts (1)
In 1832, the Treaty of Payne’s Landing was ratified by the senate. This forced Seminoles to leave their land to be forced west. Two years later, Native American groups rebelled against this treaty. They attacked U.S. Military leaders. One of the major Native American leaders was Osceola. Osceola was tricked into being captured from a mock surrender and died in prison before the war ended. The war was longer and deadlier than first anticipated. By the end of the war, most Natives were given money -
The Bank War
Andrew Jackson stated that the national bank was full with fraud, he also said that it was full of horrible behavior. People called it the Second Bank of the United States when Andrew Jackson was President in 1832. A charter set was going to expire in 1836 and when it did it was never renewed. Jackson then vetoed a bill because he was President at that time. Jackson was very worried about the banks and the paper money. -
Texas War
Texas, being led by Stephen Austin, went to war with Mexico because The Mexicans were forcing the settlers to join their nation if they wanted to live there, they then tried to overthrow the government but the person that they backed, Santa Anna, then turned into a dictator. Santa Anna tried to kill or expunge all of the settlers. The settlers called for aid from the other territories and then answered by sending volunteers. They then fought a series of grueling battles in which they won -
Texas war continued
Once the volunteers got there they then faught a sieries of grueling battles in which they captured and forced Santa Anna to sign a treaty giving freedom to the Texans. -
Trail of Tears
Andrew Jackson forced many native americans to move west of the mississippi. Migrated to oklahoma. They were sad to leave the mississippi river. At that time not a lot of people survived. They faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion during their forced march. Not many Native Americans remained in the southeastern u.s. 5,000 cherokee died. Indian territory was gone for good. -
Siege at the Alamo
There was a war between the Mexicans and the Texans. Mexico had control of Texas, but Texas was trying to get independent. So, they destroyed Alamo with eighteen cannons. There were 150 Texans that were defending Alamo against 6,000 Mexican troops. On February 23rd they began to siege the Alamo. It lasted 12 days and after the cannons made it blow up they then just stormed it. -
Oregon Trail
In the early 1800’s people began taking the Oregon Trail that was 2000 miles long; it was a trail from Missouri to Willamette valley. It was used for settlers to migrate west to find new land. It became more popular because of the Gold Rush in 1849. All the immigrants went down the Oregon Trail to find some gold. The first wagon set out in 1842 from Elm Grove Missouri. There were 100 pioneers. There were 400,000 pathways that went off from the Oregon Trail. -
Election of 1844
Polk ran against Henery Clay and won. He won due to the fact that he was pro expansionist. That meant that he wanted all of oregon to belong to America and he also wanted the annexation of texas. Polk won in all of the southern, northern, and western states. He lost due to tha fact that the eastern states didnt want to expand the United States. -
Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph
Samuel Morse got the idea of a telegraph to communicate through distance when he was returning from europe in a conversation. Morse asked congress twice for the bill to do the work from Washington D.C to Baltimore. The first time in 1838 they said no and then the second time in 1844 they said yes and gave morse $30,000. The first thing Morse did was hire a construction engineer named Ezra Carnell. He told Ezar to put pipes underground to hold the wires but there was to many problems with it. Tha -
Yankee Clippers
Ships called clippers were made to help rush American trades with other nations. The ships mostly carried little cargo such as cotton, fur, wheat, lumber, and tobacco. These ships would travel as far as china with their cargo; they were made in 1845; in the 1840’s American Clipper ships broke every single speed ship record. In the 1850’s Britain launched the first ocean going iron steamships. The ships carried more cargo and traveled even faster than the clippers. -
Manifest Destiny
This started in the 19th century in 1846. The word manifest was made in the 1840’s. It was in the destiny of the United States of America and they wanted to expand the territory. The word Manifest Destiny is used a lot now for example in: painting’s, newspapers, and debates. The people that used to live in the East had to go to the west; the land was not as expensive. It became the nation's Manifest Destiny. -
The Donner Party
A group of settlers tried to find a short cut throught the sierra nevada. They got lost in a snow storm only 300 yards from the exit of the trail. When the snow first hit they tried to keep moving but couldn't because of the snow. After they had eaten all of their pets and horses they turned to cannibalism ( canibalism is when somthing eats annother member of its own speices). The last person froze to death. -
Gold Rush
John Sutter wanted to expand his ranching, so he decided to tell James Marshall to make a sawmill on the American banks. While they were building, they saw a lot of shiny small flakes and stones but didn’t know what they were. They kept looking closer and trying to figure it out. They soon found out that it was gold. After they found the gold there was a huge migration to California. All of the immigrants wanted to find gold, so in the time period of ten years about 80,000 people came to Cali -
Gold at Sutter's mill 1849
Before Thousands of americans traveled to california in a search of the gold. During they found gold while digging a ditch at sutter’s mill. Mr. sutter tried to keep it quiet but didn't the world leaded out. After sutter’s mill carpenters threw down their saws. The news the united states to the people. Thousands of people rushed to California because, they caught gold fever and wanted gold. The gold rush changed California in many ways it brought a diverse population of people to the west. -
The Mechanized Cottin Gin
Cotton growth was a need in the 1790’s up until the 1850; planters grew about 6,000 bales or more of cotton every year. The North and Britain’s demand for cotton increased greatly over the years. The south could plant cotton quickly because of the perfect soil and ideal climate. At first planters couldn’t meet the need for the cotton because it would take awhile for the planters to take the seeds out of the cotton. The cotton gin invention helped speed up the hand process by machine making it ea -
Compromise of 1850
“Henry Clay, U.S. senator from Kentucky, in 1820, he had resolved a fiery debate over the spread of slavery with his Missouri Compromise. Now, thirty years later, the matter surfaced again within the walls of the Capitol. There were several issues: The United States had recently acquired a vast territory -- the result of its war with Mexico. California --a territory that had grown tremendously with the gold rush of 1849, had recently wanted for Congress to enter the Union as a free state. Each -
Compromise of 1850
Before there was a Missouri Compromise. during this was a package of five bills passed in the united states in September 1850, Which defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the south and the free states of the north. After the election of 1844, the united states congress agreed to annex taxes on the condition. Before they had eight months of members of congress. In 1818 Missouri became a state. It was a slave state passed on September in 1850. -
Uncle Toms Cabin
Was a newspaper that was publish then turned into a book.Harriet beecher stowe choose to write this because she thought that slavery was evil and not fair.so she wrote it to inform people how slaves where getting treated,and how unconstitutional it is.also it led to north and south tensions because most northeners didn’t want slavery.But the southerners wanted summary. -
Kansas and Nebraska Act
Senator Douglas didn’t agree with the Missouri compromise. The Kansas and Nebraska act was to repeal the compromise. The act was west of Missouri, which was named Nebraska and also Kansas. Those states Douglas wanted them to be slave free, which was approved by Lincoln also supposedly led to the civil war. -
Gadsden Purchase
James gadsden was in the army but then dropped out and went home to south carolina. There he was made president of the south carolina railroad. He had a bigger dream of connecting all of the railroads in the country. The only easy way to california would have to cut through mexico. so gadsden went to the U.S. government to ask for money to buy the plot of land. Thr president Franklin pierce said yes. He also made him the mexican minister so he could negotiate for that plot of land. he got it fo -
Gadsden Purchase 2
For 10,000,000 dollars and 3,000,000 dolaars in claims. then he resigned from all of his posts. -
The Pottawatomie Massacre
John Brown and his volunteers murdred five men that settled on Pottawatomie lake in southestern Kansas. The peope that were murderd use to be member of the pro-slavery law and order party but were not slave owners. John and his volunteers went to a farm and took the owner and the sons and killed them. This showed how John Brown downplayed this stain on his fight aganist slevery, trying to stop it. -
New Hampshire Declared African American Citizens
In New Hampshire they declared that no one should be denied to become a citizenship so african americans have a chance to become citizen. Vermont repealed against it because they disagreed which was unusual because vermont was included to be a northern state. -
Dred Scott case
Dred Scott lived in Illinois, which is a free slave state. He moved to Missouri that was slave states and appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of freedom. But since he was African American they said he wasn’t a citizen and was property. This led to the Missouri compromise that said Missouri was a slave state and Maine wasn’t not so the non slave states and the slave states would be equaled out and fair between the north and south -
Rebulican Party
Some democrats were sent to Charleston, South Carolina. The issues and debates changed the election by who had the better favor (Democrats, Republicans.) The role of slavery was large in the south. Most of the issues were with human rights and slavery. With the Democrats separating hurt the Republicans. Then with Abraham Lincoln winning the election; it hurt the Democrats because he from the republican party and wanted to free slaves. -
John Browns Raid Of Harper Ferry
The Whig Party all met each other in Wisconsin. They all agreed that Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri compromise. Their reaction to that was to make their own party that ruled politics for years on. It was also called the GOP (Grand Old Party.) The acts that Kansas and Nebraska wanted to extend slavery. -
Election of 1860
The Whig Party all met each other in Wisconsin. They all agreed that Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri compromise. Their reaction to that was to make their own party that ruled politics for years on. It was also called the GOP (Grand Old Party.) The acts that Kansas and Nebraska wanted to extend slavery. -
Secession Of South Carolina
The 16th president Abraham Lincoln was elected, he believed that slavery was very evil and unconstitutional. Since he believed that and most Southern states didn't agree because they were prejudice and needed slaves to work for their land, South Carolina was the first to say something and broke away from the union. This was one of the causes to the civil war.
