-
Toussaint Louverture
1743-1803 He was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. He even transformed the entire society of slaves into the independent state of Haiti. The Haitian Revolution was successful and changed slavery throughout the world. -
American Revolution
1765-1783 It was a political upheaval that took place during 1765-1783. It was started because the people in America were unhappy at how the British were ruling them. They believed that they deserved the freedom from Britain that they were fighting for. -
James Watt perfects steam engine
1769-1784 He took the steam engine and converted a machine of limited use to one of efficiency and many applications. It was the foremost energy source in the emerging Industrial Revolution. -
Reign of King Louis XVI
1774-1791 He attempted to reform France in accordance with Enlightenment ideals. King Louis wanted to abolish serfdom, remove the taile, and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics. -
Spinning mule developed
Samuel Crompton designed a new spinning machine called the Spinning Mule which produced a very fine and even thread which was suitable to spin yarns for making muslin. However, Crompton was poor and couldn’t afford to patent it. He was eventually tricked by some textile manufacturers into giving away the secret of his invention and was paid very little for divulging its secret to the manufacturers. -
Simon Bolivar
1783-1830 Simon Bolivar was a political and military leader, and played a huge role in Latin America’s successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire. Simon is actually considered one of the most influential leaders and politicians in American history. -
French Revolution
1787-1799 The is started by the French’s lower class being unhappy with the way they were being treated. They were able to finally overthrow the aristocracy of the day and take control. They got freedom from the French monarchy and nobility. -
Haitian Revolution
1789-1803 This turned the Saint Domingue into an independent state. This was run by former slaves and descendants of slaves. -
Cotton Gin developed
Patented by U.S.-born inventor Eli Whitney. It is a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. -
Reign of Napolean
1804-1814 Napoleon was a French military and political leader who became powerful during the French Revolution. While in rule, he enforced numerous liberal reforms across Europe like the abolition of feudalism or the spread of religious toleration. -
Wars of independence in Latin America
1806-1825 This was a movement aimed to break away from Great Britain. The result of this war was the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions happened right after the American and French Revolutions. -
Congress of Vienna
1814-1815 It reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The agreement was the most comprehensive treaty that Europe had ever seen. -
War of Greek Independence
1821-1832 This war can also be called the Greek Revolution. It was a successful war of independence between Greek revolutionaries. This was against the Ottoman Empire with assistance from Russia, the United Kingdom, and many other European powers. -
Opium War
1839-1842 They were conflicts over the trade and diplomatic relations between China and the British empires. They were also conflicts because of trade and the administration of justice for foreign nationals. -
Communist Manifesto publsihed
Written by Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels, the political pamphlet proclaimed that "the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles" and the inevitable victory of the working class would end class society forever. Its ideas led to nearly half the world's population living under Marxist governments by 1950. -
Unification of Italy
1848-1870 This date can also be called the Italian Revolution. It was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into a single state of the Kingdom of Italy. -
Taiping Rebellion
1850-1864 This turned out to be a huge civil war in southern China against the Qing Dynasty. The leaders of this rebellion rejected Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, while finding their ideology in a weird form of Christianity. -
Crimean War
1853- February 1856 A war fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula between the Russians and the British, French, and Ottoman Turkish. The war arose from the Russian demands to exercise protection over the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman sultan and the dispute between Russia and France over the privileges of the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches in the holy places in Palestine. -
Bessemer Process Developed
The first method to mass-produce steel developed by Sir Henry Bessemer of England. The key is the removal of impurities from pig iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
Sepoy Rebellion
This started out as just the sepoys of the East India Company’s army, but soon escalated into many other mutinies and civilian rebellions. This rebellion actually threatened the East India Company’s power in that region at that time. -
The Emancipation of Russian Serfs
It was the single most important reform of the reign of Tsar Alexander II. All privately owned serfs were given the right to become free citizens, free to marry, own land and their own businesses. Those tied to the land were entitled to buy the land they had previously leased, but not at a very good rate. -
Meiji Restoration
The political revolution that brought about the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and returned control of Japan to emperor Meiji. This revolution brought about the modernization and Westernization of Japan. -
Suez Canal
1869-2014 The Suez Canal is a sea-level waterway in Egypt. It connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. This canal lets ships transport and pass between Europe and eastern Asia without having to go around Africa. -
Unification of Germany
This happened when the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany to form a reunited nation of Germany. It became a politically and administratively integrated nation state. -
Boer War
1880-1881 This war can also be referred to as the Transvaal Rebellion, because the Boers of the Transvaal began to revolt against the British annexation. To begin with, they adopted a policy of passive resistance. -
Berlin West Africa Conference
1884-1885 This was a series of meetings in Berlin between the major European nations to decide what to do with the Congo River basin in Central Africa as many nations wanted to colonialize it. The Conference declared the Congo River basin to be neutral guaranteeing free in the basin, no slave trading, and rejecting Portugal’s claim to the Congo River estuary, thereby founding of the independent Congo Free State. -
Indian National Congress founded
Called by the name Congress Party, it is a broadly based political party of India. The Indian National Congress dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain and has formed most of India’s governments from the time of independence. -
Boxer Rebellion
1898-1900 This was a violent movement against foreigners and Christians in China. It took place towards the end of the Qing dynasty, and was defeated by “The Great Powers.” -
Russo-Japanese war
1904- September 5, 1905 These were successful wars establishing Japan as a formidable military competitor in East Asia and the first Asian state to defeat a major European power. Also Japan gained control of Taiwan and Korea along with a territorial foothold in Manchuria because of this war. -
All-India Muslim League founded
This was a popular political party from the British Indian Empire. This party led to the partition of India in 1947 by the British Empire. Its goal was to define the Indian Muslim’s civil rights and provide protection to upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims. -
Henry Ford and Assembly line
The assembly line was a huge production used for making automobiles. Henry Ford was the one who came up with the assembly line, and it actually cut the time it took to make a car from more than 12 hours to 2 hours and 30 minutes. -
Panama Canal
1914-2014 This is a long narrow land bridge between North and South America. It is located in the country of Panama and creates a water passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. While building this canal, Panama was created through separation from Columbia. -
Origin of the Species published
A groundbreaking scientific work written by British naturalist Charles Darwin. Darwin wrote that organisms gradually evolved through a process he called "natural selection," in which organisms with genetic variations that suit their environment tend to propagate more descendants than organisms of the same species that lack the variation, thus influencing the overall genetic makeup of the species.
