Period 1

Paleolithic Era

40,000 BCE

The onset of the Paleolithic Period has traditionally coincided with the first evidence of tool construction and use by Homo some 2.58 million years ago, near the beginning of the Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 million to 11,700 years ago). It's a Dynasty. Two main forms of Paleolithic art are known to modern scholars: small sculptures; and monumental paintings, incised designs, and reliefs on the walls of caves.

Neolithic Revolution

10,000 BCE

The Neolithic Revolution, also called the Agricultural Revolution, marked the transition in human history from small nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to larger, agricultural settlements and early civilization. The Neolithic Age is sometimes called the New Stone Age. It is a Dynasty. There was no single factor that led humans to begin farming roughly 12,000 years ago. The causes of the Neolithic Revolution may have varied from region to region.

Stone Age

9600 BCE

The Stone Age marks a period of prehistory in which humans used primitive stone tools. Lasting roughly 2.5 million years, the Stone Age ended around 5,000 years ago when humans in the Near East began working with metal and making tools and weapons from bronze. During the Stone Age, humans shared the planet with a number of now-extinct hominin relatives, inclu It is a Dynasty. Stone artifacts tell anthropologists a lot about early humans.

Assyrian empire established

2500 BCE

The city of Aššur, together with a number of other Assyrian cities, seem to have been established by 2600 BC. However it is likely that they were initially Sumerian-dominated administrative centres. Assyria was the region located in the ancient Near East which, under the Neo-Assyrian Empire, reached from Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) through Asia Minor (modern Turkey) and down through Egypt. Is an Empire.

Akkadian civilization

2279 BCE

The Akkadian Empire was an ancient Semitic empire centered in the city of Akkad, which united all the indigenous Akkadian speaking Semites and Sumerian speakers under one rule. The Empire controlled Mesopotamia, the Levant, and parts of Iran.
The Akkadian Empire experienced a period of successful conquest under Naram-Sin due to benign climatic conditions, huge agricultural surpluses, and the confiscation of wealth. The empire collapsed after the invasion of the Gutians.

Indus River civilization in decline

1800 BCE

Many scholars believe that the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization was caused by climate change. Important innovations of this civilization include standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin. Little is understood about the Indus script, and as a result, little is known about the Indus River Valley Civilization’s institutions and systems of governance. The civilization likely ended due to climate change and migration.

Hammurabi’s Code

1754 BCE

The Hammurabi code of laws, a collection of 282 rules, established standards for commercial interactions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice. Hammurabi's Code was carved onto a massive, finger-shaped black stone stele (pillar) that was looted by invaders and finally rediscovered in 1901. Hammurabi was the sixth king in the Babylonian dynasty, which ruled in central Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) from c. 1894 to 1595 B.C

Aryans arrive in Indus River valley

1500 BCE

The people of this Indus Valley civilization did not build massive monuments like their contemporaries, nor did they bury riches among their dead in golden tombs. There were no mummies, no emperors, and no violent wars or bloody battles in their territory. Remarkably, the lack of all these is what makes the Indus Valley civilization so exciting and unique. Indus Valley inhabitants were taking a practical approach to supporting the common, secular, living people.

Hittites get iron and chariots

1180 BCE

The Hittites were the first of the Indo-European people to make use of iron. Due to the widespread availability of iron ore. this allowed them to create weapons that were much stronger and cheaper. The Hittite empire fell victim to the Bronze Age Collapse around the beginning of the 12th century BC. The Hittites were charioteers who wrote manuals on horsemanship. Ninth century B.C. stone reliefs show Hittite warriors in chariots. "Charioteers were the first great aggressors in human history.

Height of Egyptian civilization

1069 BCE

The Egyptian Empire rose during the period of the New Kingdom, when the country reached its height of wealth, international prestige, and military might. Egyptian history is divided by later scholars into eras of “kingdoms” and “intermediate periods”; kingdoms were times of a strong central government and a unified nation while intermediate periods were eras of a weak central government and disunity. This period is the most famous in Egyptian history. Is an Empire.

Shang Dynasty

1027 BCE

The Shang Dynasty is the earliest ruling dynasty of China to be established in recorded history, though other dynasties predated it. The Shang ruled from 1700 to 1027 B.C. and were known for their advances in math, astronomy, artwork and military technology. Is a Chinese Dynasty. The earliest written records in Chinese history date back to the Shang Dynasty, which began when a tribal chief named Tang defeated the Xia Dynasty.

Phoenicians create an alphabet

1000 BCE

The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC. Before then the Phoenicians wrote with a cuneiform script. The earliest known inscriptions in the Phoenician alphabet come from Byblos and date back to 1000 BC. The Phoenician alphabet was perhaps the first alphabetic script to be widely-used - the Phoenicians traded around the Mediterraean and beyond, and set up cities and colonies in parts of southern Europe and North Africa .

Hebrews establish Israel

930 BCE

The people of Israel (also called the "Jewish People") trace their origin to Abraham, who established the belief that there is only one God, the creator of the universe (see Torah). Abraham, his son Yitshak (Isaac), and grandson Jacob (Israel) are referred to as the patriarchs of the Israelites. Israel is small country in the Middle East, about the size of New Jersey, located on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea and bordered by Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.

Nebuchadneszzer rebuilds Babylon

562 BCE

He is portrayed in unflattering light in the Bible, most notably in the Book of Daniel and the Book of Jeremiah where he is seen as an 'enemy of God’ and one whom the deity of the Israelites intends to make an example of or, conversely, the agent of God used as a scourge against the faithless followers of Yahweh. Nebuchadnezzar II (r. 605/604-562 BCE) was the greatest King of ancient Babylon during the period of the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626-539 BCE).

Persian Empire established

550 BCE

The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned from the sixth century B.C. to the twentieth century A.D. The first Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great around 550 B.C. became one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Europe’s Balkan Peninsula in the West to India’s Indus Valley in the East. The Persian Empire started as a collection of semi-nomadic tribes who raised sheep, goats and cattle on the Iranian plateau.

Bantus migrate to the east and south

500 BCE

The Bantu expansion is the name for a postulated millennia-long series of migrations of speakers of the original proto-Bantu language.
Further east, Bantu-speaking communities had reached the great Central African rainforest, and pioneering groups had emerged into the savannas to the south. in what are now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Zambia. the expansion. of farming and pastoralist African peoples, Southern Africa was populated by hunter-gatherers and earlier pastoralists.

Persian Wars (Greeks v. Persians)

449 BCE

Persian Wars. The Persian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Persians and the Greeks from 492 BC to 449 BC. The Persian Empire was the largest and most powerful empire in the world at the time of the Persian Wars. They controlled land that stretched from Egypt all the way to India. The Persian fleet landed at the Bay of Marathon, about 25 miles from the city of Athens. The Greeks put together a small force, led by the Spartan King Leonidas I and 300 Spartans.

Golden Age of Pericles

404 BCE

This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens with the later part The Age of Pericles. This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens with the later part The Age of Pericles. Fifth-century Athens is the Greek city-state of Athens in the time.

Olmec civilization established in Mesoamerica

400 BCE

The Olmecs (/ˈɒlmɛks, ˈoʊl-/) were the earliest known major civilization in Mesoamerica following a progressive development in Soconusco. They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico. The Olmec civilization is believed to have been centred around the southern Gulf Coast of Mexico area (today the states of Veracruz. The major Olmec urban area in early times was San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán, at the time the largest city in Mesoamerica.

Zhou Dynasty

256 BCE

The Zhou was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history. The most influential minds in the Chinese intellectual tradition flourished under the Zhou, particularly towards the last period of the Zhou , considered a time of intellectual and artistic awakening. The first important historical figure of the Zhou is King Wen, described as a living standard of benevolence and wisdom.

Chavin civilization in Andean South America

200 BCE

The Chavín culture is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, (Chavín de Huantar), the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found. The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru. It extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast.
Some scholars dispute whether the Caral culture represented a true civilization. The Chavín civilization was named for and centered around a large temple at Chavín de Huántar and was around a religious hierarchy.

Sumerian civilization

1900

Sumer is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze ages, and one of the first civilizations in the world along with Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley. One of the larger Sumerian cities may have had 80,000 residents. The list of Sumerian rulers includes one woman. The Sumerian city-states were often at war with one another. It is the Third Dynasty of Ur

Mesopotamian city states established

2900

Mesopotamia housed historically important cities such as Uruk, Nippur, Nineveh, Assur and Babylon, as well as major territorial states such as the city of Eridu, the Akkadian kingdoms, the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the various Assyrian empires. Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait.