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German Armstice
Around the summer of 1918, America had fully invested itself into the war. Germany was overstrained and losing men left and right. The final offensive by the Americans was in September, in the Argonne, and it proved too much for Germany. With the promise of democracy by Wilson's Fourteen Points, Germany arranged an armistice with America on November 11, 1918. -
Paris Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference was an international meeting held at Versailles in 1919. The purpose was to establish the terms of peace after WWI. The Big Four dominated the proceeding that lead to the Treaty of Versailles. -
Treaty of Versailles signed
This treaty was signed at the Palace of Versailles outside of Paris. The main point of this treaty was the war guilt clause whcih put Germany at fault for the war. This treaty also set the reparations on Germany. -
Treaty of St. Germain signed
This treaty formally dissolved the Austrian-Hungarian empire. It recognized the independence of Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. Areas that were taken from Austria included Trentino, South Tyrol, Trieste, and Istria and those areas were given to Italy, along with the Dalmatian Islands. Burgenland from Hungary was put under Austria's control. Austria was forbidden from any alliance with Germany, unless permitted by the League of Nations. -
Treaty of Neuilly
The Treaty of Neuilly was signed with Bulgaria after WWI had ended. Under its terms, Bulgaria was forced to cede lands to Yugoslavia and Greece involving the transfer of some 300,000 people, to reduce its army to 20,000 men, and to pay reparations. -
League of Nations
The League of Nations was proposed in Wilson's Fourteen Points. The idea of it was to have and international peace keeping organization. The League of Nations began on January 10, 1920 and ended in 1946 after 26 years. -
Treaty of Trianon signed
This treaty dealt with Hungary. In it was a sort of guilt case (not nearly as controversial as the Versailles war guilt clause) that stated that Hungary accepted her responsibility for causing losses to the Allied powers. Hungary ended up losing 75% of its land, which went to Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. 33% of Hungarians were now culturally misplaced, and economic growth went into a state of disarray. -
Treaty of Sévres
This treaty dealt with the Ottoman Empire, Britain, France, Italy, and Greece. The Kingdom of Hejaz was given recognition as an independent kingdom. Armenia became a seperate sovereign state. The Navy was linited and the air force was forbidden. All Ottoman finances were placed under Allied control. -
Ruhr Crisis
This was when French and Belgian troops invaded Germany's industrial Ruhr Region. This occupation lasted for two and a half years. The French occupation of the Ruhr outraged Germany. -
Dawes Plan
In late 1923, German had yet to start paying their reparations due to their economy being inadequate. The European powers and the Reparation Commission created a proposal, the Dawes Plan, in April 1924. Under this plan, Germany's annual payments would be reduced, increasing as their economy improved, but the full amount was undetermined. Over time, foreign banks would loan Germany $200 million to help encourage their economic stabilization. -
Locarno Treaty
The Locarno Treaties were to improve this tense post-war situation by reaching compromises in order to help prevent future wars. Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Poland, and Czechoslovakia participated in the Locarno Conferences in Switzerland. France and Germany wanted more security from each other. Through the Locarno treaties they were able to achieve this by setting Germany's Western border. -
Manchuria Conflict
Manchuria, which is on China's eastern seaboard, was invaded by Japan in 1931. Japan did this because they sought to expand their empire becaus eof their overpopulation. -
Abyssinia Conflict
The Abyssinia Crisis was mostly between Italy and Abyssinia (or Ethiopia). The crisis essentially wanted to undermine the credibility of the League of Nations and encourage Fascist Italy to ally itself with Nazi Germany. By 1937, there were two defining sides to Europe due to this. Both Italy and Abyssinia were members of the League of Nations, and they signed the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty of Friendship, which was a 20 year friendship between the two countries on August 6, 1928.
