-
Tammany Hall is established as a political force in NYC
After Tammany Hall's inception in 1789, the NYC political organization began gainig popularity by helping much of the city's poor and immigrant population, including the Irish in the 1800s. -
Period: to
A potato famine in Ireland leads to the immigration of about 1.2 million by 1860 and the death of about 1 million.
-
Period: to
NINA (No Irish Need Apply) reaches its height.
-
Know-Nothing Party
The nativist Know-Nothing political movement reaches its height. -
Civil War Ends Slavery
The U.S. Civil War ends slavery, brings immigration to a standstill and serves as a training ground for Irish nationalists. -
Ratification of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection before the law to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.
-
Molly Maguires
Irish-Catholic Molly Maguires attack and intimidate mine owners in eastern Pennsylvania coalfields after horrible working conditions and low wages working in the coal mines. -
Ellis Island opens.
Ellis Island, a major stop for immigrants opened. -
Immigration Restriction League
The immigration restriction league is organized, and it proposes literacy test to restrict immigration. -
Immigration Protection League
The Immigrants Protective League is founded by Hull-House progressives and is held in the Hull House, shown to the left. -
Literacy Test Enforced
Congress enforces a literacy test for all immigrants- an adult must be able to read 40 words in any language.
