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The pre-Christian era, most likely during the Bronze age. Typically worshipping Greek and Roman gods, and nature aswell.
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When the romans started switching to Christianity, they start calling them "Paganus" coming from the Latin word for "country dweller", they would believe that their singular god was better than the polytheistic ways they were committed to before.
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It became acceptable once a again to identify yourself with paganism in European countries. They started to depict the Greek and Roman gods in paintings and stories.
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The beginning of the romantic movement made the foundation for modern Paganism. It encouraged positive views on the celebrations of the polytheist gods. Several small groups like Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and the Theosophical Society had began celebrating the Greek gods.
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The Egyptian deities appeared in Thelema, founded by English occultist Aleister Cowley. -
German and Austrian people in the 1910's became apart of a pre-Christian religion called "völkisch" and claimed to be the sole reason to the revival
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German esotericist, Franz Sättler revered the various Pre-Christian deities and founded the Adonistic Society.
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One of the earliest Pagan groups was the 'Church of Aphrodite', founded by Russian migrant Gleb Botkin.
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The Paganism movement became more popular with the term 'Wicca'. Early practitioners believed that Wicca was the reason for the survival of pre-Christian witchcraft.
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Wicca was formed in the 50's, and gained it's popularity in the 60's and 70's. It formed during the second wave of feminism and the Minoan Brotherhood offered a form of Wicca for gay and bisexual men.
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Often forming organizations to combat discrimination, the Pagan Federation and European Congress of Ethnic Religions had contributed to the collective modern Pagan identity.
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The collapse allowed for the rapid emergence for modern Paganism. While the other forms of modern paganism established some presence in the west, the more common way of traditions in mostly Slavic countries is to emphasize national identity.