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Introducing CFCs!!
“Wonder gas” CFCs were invented in 1928
for commercial applications. -
Studying the Ozone layer
In 1977, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
sets up a co-ordinating committee to study the ozone layer. -
No more CFCs!
In 1978, the United States of America, Canada,
Sweden and Norway ban the use of CFCs in aerosols. -
Help the Ozone Layer!!
In 1981, UNEP starts inter-governmental negotiations to protect the ozone layer. -
Heys lets use more CFCs
After 1982, in the absence of other moves,
the consumption of CFCs increases again. Industry demands proof of ozone depletion due to CFCs. -
Evidence!!
Governments agree to study, exchange information and
protect the ozone layer - through the Vienna Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). Scientists continue to find
proof of ozone depletion.
The British Antarctic Team discovers severe thinning in the ozone
layer over Antarctica - the ozone hole. -
Protocol on CFCs
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the ozone Layer. In 1987, 46 governments agree to a fifty per cent cut in the production and consumption of CFCs by the year 2000; a freeze in production and consumption of halons by 1992; further controls linked to assessments by experts. Many developing countries ask for alternative technologies and financial assistance to implement the Montreal Protocol. -
No More CFCs!
In 1988, the UNEP - WMO report on ozone
trends links CFCs to ozone depletion. -
We need to stop
1989, the UNEP Assessment Panel of experts reports THE NEED for tougher controls. -
London Amendment
Parties agree to completely phase out CFCs by the year 2000, and to establish a Multilateral Fund to assist developing coun-
tries. US$ 240 million was allocated for 1991 - 1993. -
No more CFCs please?
UNEP Assessment Panels recommend that more substances
(HCFCs, methyl bromide) are controlled and that the phase out of CFCs is advanced. -
Copenhagen Amendment
In 1992, it was decided that the developed countries phase out
HCFCs by 2030, freeze methyl bromide by 1995 and that the
phase out of CFCs be brought forward to 1996. -
Meeting to Replenish Funds?
In 1993, the Meeting of the Parties, held in Bangkok, agrees to a
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund - US$455 million for 1994 - 1996. -
Ozone Friendly products?
Halons are phased out by industrialized countries. UNEP Assessment Panels recommend tougher controls on methyl bromide. -
Maybe Later...
Some countries, the Russian Federation and others, report an
inability to phase out CFCs by 1996 due to their internal problems.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) offers to help them.
Developing countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2010. -
Almost there!
The Meeting of the Parties held in Costa Rica, approves the
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund and gives US$466 million for 1997 - 1999. -
Montreal Amendment
Industrialized countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by
2005. Developing countries will phase out the same by 2015. Licensing for the import and export of CFCs was introduced. -
We Save the Ozone Layer!
The Ozone meetings in Beijing in December 1999 approved a replenishment of the Multilateral Fund of US$ 440 million for the years 2000-2002 for continuing the phase-out of CFCs, in addition to the carry-over of US$ 35.7 million from the previous period. Beijing Declaration reiterated the commitment of all Governments to continue full implementation of the Montreal Protocol and ensure the protection of the ozone layer.
