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Greek War of Indapendence
The Greek War of Independence was a rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire. This event resulted in the establishment of the kingdom of Greece. By 1814, the desire for independence was common among the Greeks, who had already had a long sense of hellenism. The rebellion was successful and spurred the decline of the Ottoman Empire. -
Treaty of Constantinople
This treaty granted Greece as an independent nation. Greece became the first country within the Ottoman Empire to gain full independence, and be recognized as a sovereign state. The treaty was an outcome of the London Conference with the participation of London, France, and Russia. Greece was the first country to gain independence from the Ottomans, which further weakened its power and control. -
Crimean War
The Crimian war was fought from 1853 to 1856 between the Russians, the French, and the Ottomans. Conflicts of powers in the Middle East, Russian demands to protect the Ottoman Sultan, and the dispute between Russia and France over the privileges of the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches Palestine were major causes of the war. The war was brought to an end by signing the treaty of Paris which confirmed the importance of the Ottoman Empire to maintain political balance in Europe. -
Congress of Berlin
The main purpose of the congress was to create a peace settlement in Europe. The congress granted certain Bulgarian states that had been previously given to Macedonia and Albania back to the Ottomans. By doing this, it denied Russia’s victory in the Russo-Turkish war over the declining Ottoman Empire, demonstrating how weak the Ottoman Empire was at this time. -
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution was a constitutionalist revolution within the Ottoman empire. The Ottoman Empire was full of internal unrest, and the Armenians and Turks wanted change. The Young Turks, known as the Committee of Union and Progress Party successfully overthrew the Ottoman Government. Armenians supported the Turks since theTurks promised them equality. The revolution was initially a success by creating a constitutional government, but that did not stop the internal division of the empire -
World War I
At the beginning of WWI, the Ottoman Empire was already in decline. The Empire entered the war and sided with Germany, ultimately leading to its defeat. This defeat marked the end of the once extremely large and strong empire. The Treaty of Mudros ended Ottoman participation in the war and its reign. -
Armenian Genocide
Being one of the first genocides in hisotry, the Armenian Genocide was the aniliation of Armenian people living in the Ottoman Empire. At least 600,000 people were killed, either from massacres and individual killings, or starvation. The genocide was closeley linked to WWI, and this was the last event under the Ottoman Empire’s rule.