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Failed expedition of Ottomans against Habsburg Holy Roman Empire. Marked the end of Ottoman Domination in Eastern Europe.
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Peaceful Period where the Empire started orienting itself towards Europe.
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By Hungarian convert who renamed himself ‘Ibrahim Müteferrika’
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Naval School founded under rule of Sultan Mustafa II
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New military establishment of the ‘New Order’. Was a failure during its time but was much more effective than Janissaries.
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The Imperial School of Military Engineering founded in Hasköy, Constantinople
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National Uprising and constitutional change in Serbia against Ottomans. The territory went from a Ottoman province to a constitutional monarchy.
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Conflict that took place during Napoleonic Wars. Resulted in an Ottoman Victory.
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Forced disbandment of Janissaries by Sultan Mahmud II. Janissaries revolted and after the riot ended, leaders and members were killed and exiled and Janissaries were disbanded.
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Symbol for the respectability of change Mahmud II had established
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Edict that launched the Tanzimât Period.
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Period of series of reforms and reorganization of the Empire = modernization.
Example: Penal code in 1858 -
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Episode in Egyptian Ottoman War (Eastern Mediterranean) —> Self declared Khedive of Egypt wanting to establish a personal Empire in Egypt (an Ottoman Province)
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Education plan inaugurated. A free and compulsory primary education.
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Outbreak of various uprisings and wars in Eastern Europe, which resulted in the involvement of international help.
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Uprising organized by Bulgarians (only took place in areas with a predominant Bulgarian population)
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After the establishment of the Ottoman Constitution in 1876. Empire became a constitutional monarchy.
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Was removed from the throne after 93 days on grounds that he was mentally ill.
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Restored the absolute monarchy ending the First Constitutional Era.
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Meeting of the six ‘great powers’, four Balkan states and the Ottoman Empire
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Ended the Russo-Turkish War and gave autonomy to Bulgaria
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Ottoman Public Debt was reduced.
Ottoman Public Debt Organization (OPDA), was European-controlled and collected payments. -
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Massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
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Congress where there was a reconcile of disagreements between groups that we’re opposed to a rule without constitution.
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When Young Turks restored the Ottoman Constitution of 1876, kickstarting the Second Constitutional Era.
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A defeat by the ‘Army of Action’ of the Ottoman countercoup
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War between the Balkan League and Ottoman Empire. Won by th Balkan League.
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Coup d’état carried out by member state of the CUP (Committee of Union and Progress)
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