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Period: Dec 24, 1167 to Oct 19, 1216
King John
King John was born in 1167 and died in 1216. King John is one of the more controversial monarchs of Medieval England and is most associated with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. John was born on Christmas Eve, the youngest son of Henry II and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine. -
Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
Granted by the king of England to a group of rebellious barons and signed at Runnymede on June 15, 1215, the Magna Carta is widely viewed as one of the most important legal documents in history, preserving the concepts of government accountability and protection of individual rights. -
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Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes was a English philosopher, scientist, and historian, best known for his political philosophy, especially as articulated in his masterpiece Leviathan -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact, signed by 41 English colonists on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States. -
Petition of Rights
In 1628, a statement of civil liberties sent by the English Parliament to Charles I. Refusal by Parliament to finance the king's unpopular foreign policy had caused his government to exact forced loans and to quarter troops in subjects' houses as an economy measure. -
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John Locke
John Locke was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". -
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Enlightenment Period
Its roots are usually traced to 1680s Europe, where in the span of three years Isaac Newton published his “Principia Mathematica” and John Locke his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” two works that paved the way to scientific, mathematical and philosophical ways for the Enlightenment’s major advances. -
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Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. -
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights is an act that the Parliament of England passed on December 16, 1689. The Bill creates separation of powers, limits the powers of the king and queen, enhances the democratic election and bolsters freedom of speech. -
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Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. -
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Great Awakening
The Great Awakening or First Great Awakening was a religious and reawakening movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, especially the American colonies, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism. -
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First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies that met at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. Thee men met to discuss the Coercive Acts, which were a series of laws imposed by the British government on the colonies in response to their resistance to new taxes. -
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Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress assemble after the American Revolutionary War had already begun. In 1776, it took a giant step in declaring America’s independence from Britain. Five years later, the Congress ratified the first national constitution, the Articles of Confederation, under which the country would be governed until 1789, when it was replaced by the current U.S. Constitution. -
Virginia Declaration of Rights
The Virginia Declaration of Rights is a document drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish "inadequate" government. George Mason was the principal author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights. The Declaration was adopted unanimously by the Fifth Virginia Convention at Williamsburg, Virginia on June 12, 1776 as a separate document from the Constitution of Virginia which was later adopted on June 29, 1776. -
Articles of Confederation of 1781
The Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, on November 15, 1777. However, ratification of the Articles of Confederation by all thirteen states did not occur until March 1, 1781. -
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Shays' Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in an uprising against perceived economic and civil rights injustices. Poor farmers from western Massachusetts fighting against high taxes followed Daniel Shays in an attempt to seize the arms stockpiled at the Springfield Armory. -
Signing of the US Constitution
The U.S. Constitution established America's national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. It was signed on September 17, 1787, by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, presided over by George Washington. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8&t=473s
