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South Carolina Exposition
As a result of the pervious tariffs, Vice president John C. Calhoun anonymously wrote a challenge to the powers called the Exposition and Protest. He stated that the Constitution limited Congress power to impose tariffs for the simple purpose of raising revenue, therefore making it unconstitutional. In these protests, Calhoun uplifted the idea of the doctrine of nullification. -
Tariff of Abominations
This tariff was an attempt to protect the northern and southern agriculture from the foreign competitors. However, the resulting tax on foreign goods would raise the cost of living in the South and would lessen the profits of the industrialists. Despite all of this, President John Quincy Adams approved the bill. -
Hayne Webster Debate
The Hayne Webster Debate was a famous debate between Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina and Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts over tariffs and the sale of Western lands. Hayne believed that the independent states created the Union for their own personal gain and interests. Webster believed that the people had created the Union for the greater good of the country itself. -
William Lloyd Garrison
Garrison publishes the first edition of The Liberator, which was an abolitionist piece of work that greatly bashed/opposed slavery. Thrown into the pile of things going on at this time, tensions between the North and South only intensified. -
Fort Hill Address
Triggered by the Tariff of Abominations and the nullification things, Calhoun published the "Fort Hill Address". This expressed the idea that several states have the right to interpose/balance their authority between the federal government and the people of the states. This was his public entrance into the debate over nullification. -
Tariff of 1832
In an effort to calm down the raging south, Jackson proposed a lower tariff than before that still obtained the principle of protection. The South, especially the people of South Carolina were still not satisfied, which lead to the legislature using Calhoun's reasoning to nullify it. Other states weren't happy with the proposition, however, only South Carolina took actual action against it. -
Ordinance of Nullification
After the previous events, South Carolina holds a convention and decides to approve the ordinance of nullification. This made both tariffs null and void, and threatened the federal government if they tried to enforce the tariffs. A while later, Jackson releases his proclamation which expresses his deep opposition of the nullification. Not too long after that, Calhoun resigns as Vice Pres. in order to rep South Carolina in the Senate's Office. -
Force Bill / Compromise Tariff
In response to the nullification, the U.S congress passed the Force Bill , which enabled the President to use military powers to enforce the collection of imports if any state was to refuse to obey federal tariffs. While this was going on, Congress also passed the Compromise Tariff which stated that the taxes on imports would slowly be cut over the years (a decade to be exact). -
After
South Carolina called an convention in which they adapted the Compromise Tariff and ended up nullifying the Force Bill.