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The Tariff of 1824
The question of the tariff was a major issue during the election. John Quincy Adams was unsure about using tariffs. The Tariff of 1824 was used as a protective tariff, it protected the American Industry from cheaper British goods. The Northern states were in favor of the tariff because it helped with manufacturing. The South disliked the tariff because they did not have finished products they only had raw materials. -
The Tariff of 1828
The Tariff of 1828 was also known as the “Black Tariff” and the “Tariff of Abominations”. The Tariff was used to reduce foreign competition. Congress passed this to protect the North and their manufacturing companies. The South was against this because the bank favored the Northern states. -
The South Carolina Exposition
The South Carolina Exposition was written by John Calhoun, Andrew Jackson’s vice president. He was a strong figure in the government so it was a secret he was the author. It was used to denounce the tariff and declared it unjust and unconstitutional. The idea was created that the states could nullify the tariff. These ideas were formed using the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. It was favored by those who did not want the tariff and was not favored by the Northern states who wanted the tariff. -
The Tariff of 1832
The Tariff of 1832 was used as protection, it reduced the existing tariff. This tariff was used to resolve issues that was created by the tariff of 1828. It was opposed by the South because they wanted no tariff at all. -
South Carolina Nullification
South Carolina declared the existing tariff to be null and void in South Carolina. The supporters were called nullies, who wanted to muster the ⅔ vote for nullification in the South Carolina legislature. They threatened to take South Carolina out of the Union if Washington attempted to collect the customs duties by force. Jackson was against the nullification and did not want any conflicts. -
Jackson's Proclamation Against Neutrality
Jackson was not a strong supporter of the tariff but did not want defiance in the government. Jackson threatened to invade the states and have the nullifiers hanged. He dispatched naval and military reinforcements into South Carolina to assure no rebellion would take place. -
Hayne's Counter Proclamation
Robert Y. Hayne said that a state can deem a law unconstitutional and void if they feel they are oppressed by the law. This was in response to Jackson’s proclamation against nullification. Hayne’s statement gave the South Carolinian's more power because it came from a more powerful person than just common people. -
Force Bill
The Force Bill authorized the use of the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties. This was also known as the Bloody Bill. This was put into place by Jackson since South Carolina was not enforcing the tariffs. Since the existing tariff was being nullified, this meant the force bill was nullified by South Carolina too. -
Clay's Compromise
Henry Clay proposed to gradually reduce the Tariff of 1832 by about 10 percent over eight years. This was a response to the Force Bill. This made the southern states back down and helped avoid a larger conflict throughout the United States. -
South Carolina Repeal or Nullification
Clay’s Compromise made South Carolina repeal the nullification. They wanted the tax rates to significantly lower and allow the South to have some control. This ended the nullification crisis but it did not end the differences between the North and the South.
