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Period: 7000 BCE to 9000 BCE
Domestication of Teosinte into Corn
Before the Mesoamerican civilizations even began, people started turning wild teosinte into
maize, which became a very important crop. -
3500 BCE
Rise of Mesopotamian Civilization
The first cities and writing systems appeared in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq)
with the Sumerians. -
2500 BCE
Start of the Preclassic Period (Olmec Civilization in Mesoamerica)
In Mesoamerica, early complex societies began to form, setting the stage for later cultures. -
Period: 2154 BCE to 2334 BCE
Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia
Sargon of Akkad established one of the world’s first empires, uniting many Mesopotamian city-states. -
2000 BCE
Flourishing of Babylonian Culture (Mesopotamia)
Babylon grew as an important center of culture and law, famous later for Hammurabi’s Code. -
1521 BCE
Spanish Conquest of Mesoamerica
The arrival of Spanish forces led to major changes and the end of indigenous state systems in the region. -
900 BCE
Start of the Postclassic Period (Mesoamerica)
New cultures emerged, such as the Toltecs, Mayan kingdoms, and the Mexica (Aztec) Empire. -
776 BCE
First Olympic Games in Ancient Greece
This traditional date marks the beginning of Greek cultural events and athletic competitions. -
539 BCE
Fall of Babylon (Mesopotamia)
Babylon was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia, marking the end of Babylonian independence. -
Period: 479 BCE to 490 BCE
Greco-Persian Wars (Ancient Greece)
Greek city-states united to defend their lands against Persian invasions, an important chapter in Greek history. -
323 BCE
Death of Alexander the Great (Beginning of the Hellenistic Period)
Alexander’s passing led to the spread of Greek culture across a vast area, starting the Hellenistic era. -
Period: 323 BCE to 480 BCE
Classical Period of Ancient Greece
This “Golden Age” saw great achievements in art, philosophy, and politics in Greece. -
146 BCE
Fall of Ancient Greece to Rome
After a series of conflicts, Rome conquered Greece, bringing an end to Greek political independence. -
1 BCE
Beginning of the Classic Period (Mesoamerica)
Large cities and centralized states like Teotihuacan and Monte Albán flourished in Mesoamerica.