-
Publication of Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health
L. Ron Hubbard publishes Dianetics, introducing the concept of auditing and the spiritual concept of the thetan. This book is the foundation of Scientology, blending self-help ideas with spiritual practices. -
Founding of the Church of Scientology
L. Ron Hubbard formally establishes the Church of Scientology in Camden, New Jersey. It begins the transition from a self-help movement to a religious institution with a defined organizational structure. -
Expansion and Legal Challenges
The Church of Scientology expands internationally, setting up organizations in the United States, Europe, and Australia. It also begins facing legal challenges and criticisms, with accusations of harassment and aggressive tactics against critics. -
Establishment of the Sea Organization
Hubbard establishes the Sea Organization, a group of dedicated, full-time members who serve the Church, many living on ships. The Sea Organization becomes a key structure within Scientology. -
Legal Battles and Public Scrutiny
Scientology faces numerous legal battles, including FBI investigations. L. Ron Hubbard goes into hiding to avoid prosecution. The church is increasingly criticized for its controversial practices. -
Death of L. Ron Hubbard
L. Ron Hubbard passes away. Leadership of the Church is assumed by David Miscavige, who consolidates control and continues to promote Hubbard's teachings. -
Celebrity Influence
Prominent celebrities, such as Tom Cruise, John Travolta, and others, publicly support Scientology. This helps raise the movement’s profile and attracts more attention, both positive and negative, from the public and media. -
High-Profile Media Exposure
The Church of Scientology is the subject of high-profile documentaries, such as Going Clear (2015), and investigative reports that scrutinize its practices, leading to public debate over its legitimacy. -
Continued Legal and Media Challenges
Scientology faces ongoing legal challenges and protests. Former members speak out about their experiences, and media attention continues to highlight allegations of abuse and misconduct. -
Scientology's Influence Today
Scientology continues to operate worldwide with a significant presence in many countries. It faces ongoing criticism from former members and the media but still defends its practices and beliefs in court and in public.