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The Gnadenhutten Massacre
when 96 Christian Lenape Native Americans were killed by Pennsylvania militiamen in Gnadenhutten, Ohio. The villagers were accused of aiding hostile tribes, despite being peaceful and neutral. -
Battle of Tippecanoe
American forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison defeated Native American warriors associated with Shawnee leader Tecumseh. -
Indian removal act
authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within exiting state borders. -
Indian Appropriations Act of 1851
creating the reservation system -
Mankato Executions
were the mass hanging of 38 Dakota men in Mankato, Minnesota, on December 26, 1862, following the U.S.- Dakota War of 1862. It was ordered by President Abraham Lincoln and is the largest mass execution in U.S. history -
On the reservation
living within the boundaries of designated area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs. These lands are often referred to simply as "reservations" -
The Dawes Act
The Dawes Act, passed in 1887, was a law aimed at assimilating Native Americans into American society. It divided tribal lands into individual plots for Native American settlers. The goal was to encourage farming and private land ownership among Native Americans, but it often resulted in the loss of tribal land and culture. -
Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee was a tragic event that happened in 1890. It was a massacre where the U.S. Army killed hundreds of Lakota Sioux people in South Dakota. It marked the end of the Indian Wars and is a significant and somber part of American history. -
Curtis Act
The Curtis Act of 1898 was a law that extended the provisions of the Dawes Act to the Five Civilized Tribes in Indiana Territory (present-day Oklahoma). It aimed to dissolve tribal government and communal lands, forcing the tribes to accept allotments of land and adopt American laws and customs this significantly disrupted the social and political structures of these tribes. -
U.S Indian Reorganization Act
was a federal law aimed at reversing the assimilation policies imposed on Native Americans by previous acts like the Dawes Act. The IRS sought to restore some degree of self-governance to Native American tribes, promote economic development, and preserve Native American culture. It allowed tribes to form their own governments, manage their own assets, and provided funds for the purchase of land to expand reservations.