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Formation of Italy
Consolidation of separate Italian states to a single nation ruled by a liberal state (throughout 19th century), as shown by the picture showing modern Italy's borders -
Papal State Taken by Italy
Much of papal state state taken by Italy including Rome, the borders of which are represented on the image -
Failure of Battle of Adowa
Italy's failed attempt in colonizing Ethiopia, whose map is shown on the image -
Italy Takes Libya
Colony of Italian Libya is established following years of contention within the nation, whose map is shown in the image -
Mussolini is Editor of Socialist Paper, Avanti
Mussolini becomes the chief editor of Avanti, boosting the paper's popularity, due to his pro-action sentiments capturing people's attention; whose cover is shown as the image -
Mussolini Kicked From Socialists
Due to Mussolini's pro-war stance on Italy's entry into the first World War, Mussolini is kicked from his socialist party, whose symbol of the hammer-and-sickle is chosen -
Treaty of London
Italy joins with the allies to gain more territory as promised by the treaty, with these promised lands being highlighted in dark in the selected map -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
Following the first World War, mass social unrest across Italy creates the "Red Days", with the selected image being a group of socialist revolutionaries participating in the chaos of the period -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
The Italian fascist party created by Bentio Mussolini is formed and became an official political party in Italy. Rationale: This picture was chosen as it shows members of the Fasci di Combattimento party during the formation of the party. -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
Nationalst Gabriele D’Annunzio gathered a large amount of men to annex the state of Fiume. Rationale: This picture was chosen at it shows D’Annunzio and his men as they successfully take Fiume to show effort that went in the escapade. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
Prime Minister Giolitti holds new election for the Italian parliament and gave Mussolini a legitimate role in government to control him and the fascist movement. Rationale: This political cartoon of Italian prime minister Giovanni Giolitti was chosen as that it shows his double sided policies which led to him losing seats to the fascist party. -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist Party) and is elected its leader
The national fascist party was formed as the primary fascist party in Italy and elected Benito Mussolini as its leader. Rationale: This picture was chosen as it shows the Italian citizens gathering in the streets of Italy supporting the fascist party. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
Mussolini and the black shirts enact an insurrection on Rome which led to Mussolini rising to power as the leader of Italy. Rationale: This picture was chosen as it shows Mussolini and his supporters gathering in Rome during the insurrection proving that Mussolini had large support from the Italian people. -
Acerbo Law passed
Italian law proposed by Giacomo Acerbo which stated that the majority party would receive two thirds of the seats in parliament. Rationale: This picture was chosen as that it shows Baron Giacomo Acerbo who first proposed the Acerbo law. -
Corfu Incident
A diplomatic and military based conflict between Italy and Greece that started when an Italian general was killed on Greek land. Rationale: This photo was chosen as that it shows Italian forces preparing for the invasion of Corfu, demonstrating the military power of Italy. -
Matteotti Crisis
The political unrest between the fascist and liberal party after socialist and known fascist critic Giacomo Matteotti was assassinated. Rationale: This political cartoon was chosen as that it represents Mussolini as a giant hulking figure covering the body of Matteotti, further cementing his dictatorship. -
Aventine Secession
150 Left side center deputies withdrew from the Italian Chamber of Deputies in June 1924. Showed opposition to Benito Mussolini for the murder of Giacomo Matteotti. Picture of Giacomo Matteotti chosen because he was the figure in which the left side deputies protest after his death. -
Battle for Birth
1925-1938, Mussolini noticed a low and decreasing population. He created benefit for having large families and having more children. Even awarding people who had at lease 5 children. The baby of a picture in a octopus costume represents large families. The limbs representing the members, which the goal of the battle for the birth. -
Battle for Grain
A struggling economy led Mussolini to create a program incentivizing producing surplus grain for the economy. Adding more food and a greater ability to sell. It was a literal battle to produce more grain in the economy. Hence the picture of grain -
Locarno Treaty Signed
Agreement between Germany, France, Belgium, and Italy. They agreed upon peace in west Europe. The Picture is 3 of the most important delegates after who discussed the Locarno Treaty -
Battle for the Land and Battle for the Lira
1926, Italian currency, the lira started losing value. Wanting to increase value brought an increase in cheaper import goods and started exporting more. Battle for land also led to marsh land being cleared to make farming land. Battle for Lira seems to be more significant and events around it and was considered a failure compared to Land which was considered a success which is why we chose Lira -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty Signed
15 Nations signed the treaty in attempt to avoid future war. Signed on August-27-1928 in Paris Treaty is represented by the picture because the company Kellogg and the person Kellogg have the same spelling and remind me of each other. -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
Pact in 1929 between Italy and the Vatican. Signed by Mussolini and the Cardinal Secretary Gasparri which recognized the Vatican City as a independent country. The pope is typically seen as the main representative of the Church and the pope resides in the Vatican City. Hence the picture being of the Pope -
Abyssinia Crisis
Following a diplomatic military dispute in the Wal Wal oasis, Mussolini invaded Abyssinia (Modern-day Ethiopia) to assert colonial dominance, seen in the picture by Mussolini annihilating the cartoon peoples, and to distract his people from the Great Depression. The slow sanctioning of Italy and the indifference of great powers called the League into question due to its incapability. The crisis technically ended on 5/5/1941, as American forces captured Addis Ababa. -
Stresa Front
On April-14th-1935, France, Britain, Italy formed a coalition to oppose Hitler's intent to rearm Germany. Ended after Italy invaded Ethiopia later in the same year. Stresa Front agreement after Italy invaded Ethiopia in attempt to control it. The picture is the Ethiopian flag which is why the agreement ended. -
Italian Involvement in Spanish Civil War
Mussolini sent 80,000 troops and several thousand artillery to support the nationalist cause led by Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. This picture shows propaganda of the intention to crush the Spanish republic underfoot. This ended with victory in 1939 -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty Signed
Originally a diplomatic connection formalized in October of 1936, what later became the "Pact of Steel" was an anti-communist agreement between Italy and Germany to strengthen their expansion and maintain a level of relativity with their separate Fascist agendas. -
Munich Conference
Hitler annexes the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, which most hail as a major prevention of war. Hitler himself claims it his last territorial gain in Europe. This picture shows the leaders of Germany, Italy, France, and the UK negotiating this deal, unbeknownst of the succeeding war. -
Italy invades Albania
The short-lived invasion of Albania ousted King Zog I, giving Italy control of the Adriatic Sea and restoring the Romanita ideal of the modern Roman Empire. This picture shows the tenacity of Italy as an aggressive snake and portraying Albania as a timid rabbit. The invasion ended on the 12th of April, 1939. -
Italy enters WWII Allied with the Germans
After the defeat of France, Italy joined Germany in the effort, launching disastrous campaigns and defenses in Greece and Northern Africa. When Germany had to bail out Italian forces in Greece, this exposed a front for D-Day, and after the Battle of Al-Alamein, Italy lost all of its northern African colonies. The newspaper shown describes it as taking the plunge, although this is ironic as the war seemed almost over in Europe. -
Mussolini is Usurped by the Council and King
Following a meeting with King Emmanuel III, Mussolini was voted against in no confidence and arrested on the king's authority. This ended 21 years of fascist rule in Italy. -
Mussolini is Killed
Mussolini is shot by partisans in the last few days of war in Europe. Afterwards, his body is hung in a Milan plaza and buried in an unmarked grave.
