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Formation of an Independent Italy
With a nationalistic unification, the Risorgimento movement finally created an independent Italy, but the Catholic church still owned a papal state in Rome. Even though this was a successful movement, it then cause more political issues to be aware to the public. The picture shows a historical illustration of the Risorgimento movement, giving insight on a perspective of the formation of Independent Italy. Thus, it show the definition. -
Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy
More papal states were incorporated into Italy, meaning that there was a lot of Catholic members of society in the country. This foreshadows potential political and social conflict. The image shows a religious monument in Rome, demonstrating the Catholic influence this event had on current Italy today. -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
Italy tried embracing its nationalistic pride by going to war after they signed a Treaty of Friendship with Abyssinia. They tried occupying the Abyssinian provinces of Eritrea and Tigre, but they lost after being humiliated at the Battle of Adowa. This image shows Italian forces being slayed by their opposing enemy, which illustrates the event described. -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
In order to regain their global reputation, Italy invaded Libya, a Turkish colony, in order to expand its empire and stop the French from creating colonies. Italy won, but even after the French surrendered, they kept fighting in order to overcome their humiliation from their last battle. This image shows the success of this battle for Italy, demonstration the event accurately. -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
After Mussolini got out of jail for his activism against the war, he began to edit a Socialist newspaper. This articles encouraged a revolution against the liberal state. This image shows one of the newspapers that Mussolini edited, which demonstrates the event presented. -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW I
Mussolini was removed from his position of editor for the Avanti after publicly opposing policies of the Italian government. In response he created the Il Popolo d’Italia to promote the war, which was financed by rich Italians in the north who agreed with him. This image shows the new newspaper that Mussolini created, illustrating the event described. -
Treaty of London
Members of the fasci believed that Italy needed to enter WWI in order to spark an internal revolution. Liberal politicians agreed to join the war, signed the treaty, and fought on behalf of the Triple Entente. The image below shows the amount of land that the Entente promised to Italy, if they won the war. Thus this shows their agreement to fight. -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
Unemployment rose because of the men away at war from work in industries. Strikes, factory occupations, land stealing, trade unions, and peasant leagues were all within Italy for two years. The image below shows a group united for rebellion during the Biennio Rosso, hence it shows the event appropriately. -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
Individuals with numerous political opinions came together in Milan and formed this movement, hoping that they could united the nationalists and socialists. The image shows the symbol that people used for this group and movement. Thus, it shows the event described. -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
In opposition to the liberal government in Italy, D'Annunzio took 2000 men to Fiume and occupied it for many months. When these people came back to Italy after occupying, many of them joined Mussolini. This image shows D'Annunzio himself, giving a face to the name for this event described. -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist Party) and is elected its leader:
The PNF was founded on the 9th of November 1921. With Mussolini as its leader, he could now have political influence in parliament, but he would need to ensure his appearance in the group. This foreshadows the Acerbo law, as he wanted the most power possible. The image shows the symbol for the PNF party, whic illustrates its creation as described in this event. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
Giolitti was the head of the Italian government at the time and made small amounts of action against the socialist rebellion outbreaks. He made an electoral alliance with Mussolini for the national elections to be held that month in hopes to destroy the socialists. The image shows a picture of Giolitti himself, demonstrating how he was involved in the event described. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
On the 29th of October 1922, the king gave Mussolini the opportunity to become prime minister. This was in response to a political march in Rome that was able to happen. Mussolini accepted and began building his way up in the government to get more power. This image shows Mussolini presenting himself to the public as prime minister, illustrating the event described. -
Acerbo Law passed
In November 1923, the Acerbo law was passed, which game 2/3 of the sears in parliament to the most popular party. This was a tool used by Mussolini to technically and legally give him more political influence. This image shows the document of the Acerbo law, which shows how it was created, and hence the event -
Corfu Incident
Throughout August 29 to September 27 of 1923, Italy was inn a military and diplomatic crisis with Greece. Italians were murdered on Greek soil, so Mussolini wanted to act against to show the power of the Italian state. This was his attempt to gain more support of the Italian people through nationalism. The image shows Italians preparing to act against the Greeks, which demonstrates Mussolini's actions in the Corfu Incident. -
Matteotti Crisis
In June of 1924, a political member spoke out against Mussolini, which resulted in his death. Mussolini gained a large amount of backlash from this, encouraging him to betray his own secret police (the Ceka who committed the murder) and blame them for the crime in public. The image shows how Mussolini tried to suppress the response to the death of Matteotti, demonstrating the event described. -
Aventine Secession
Soon after the death of Matteotti, in June 1924, politicians left the fascist party and boycotted parliament in attempts to remove Mussolini (whom they believed was not fascist enough for Italy). The image shows politicians actively protesting and boycotting parliament, thus showing the Aventine Secession -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
Mussolini made a connection with the right-winged forces in Spain after he became leader. On this date, he met with the politicians and forces in Spain, agreeing to aid them in their civil war. This was once again another attempt to increase Italy's global reputation. This image shows Mussolini meeting with Spanish representatives for their civil war, hence showing the event presented -
Battle for Grain
In 1925 Mussolini tried to reach autarchy in which he encouraged landowners to grow more grain. This resulted in too many farmers planting grain, which decreased other resources that was needed in Italy and usually plentiful. This picture shows the amount of excessive wheat that was a result of the Battle for grain, illustrating the event described. -
Locarno Treaty signed
Italy signed this treaty on the 1st of December 1925. Italy felt betrayed due to how little land they received after they were promised more. This foreshadows the Italian support of Germany in WWII because they hated any country affiliate with the Allies. This picture shows the amount of land that Italy actually gained from WWI, compared to what they were promised. This demonstrates the Locarno Treaty. -
Battle for Land and Battle for the Lira
In 1926, these Battles were implemented to make more land available to new farmers and to revalue the Lira currency. The battles resulted in high prices for exports, hurting the wealth of the economy, and only a few swamps were cleared for farming. This image below shows workers clearing an area of swap for the use of farmland, demonstrating the Battle for Land. -
Battle for Births
This Battle in 1927 encouraged women to be housewives and have more children so men could have more jobs and the birth rate could increase. The result actually decreased the birthrate, and women still worked because men were off at war. The picture shows a large family in Italy, which was encouraged through this Battle. -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed
The Treaty of the Kellogg-Briand outlawed war and was signed by 15 nations in hopes to preserve peace. Italy also signed this in hopes to create a better global reputation. This picture shows the different representatives of countries that signed this treaty, illustrating the signatures in the event. -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
On June 7th, 1929, Mussolini made an agreement with the pope to gain his support of the fascist party. In order to achieved this, he gave Vatican City to the pope for a papal state, enforced religious schooling, and paid a large sum of money. Regardless, the two groups constantly his disagreements and conflict due to their contrasting interests for Italy. The image shows Mussolini and the pope conversing about the agreements of the treaty, thus it shows the event described. -
Abyssinian Crisis
Italy invaded Abyssinia, which went against the Kellogg-Briand treaty. This caused the League of Nations to impose economic sanctions on Italy, which only urged Mussolini to push more for Italy to only rely on itself for resources and industry. The image shows how Italy attacked Abyssinia, illustrating the event described. -
Stresa Front
This was an agreement between France, Britain, and Italy to confirm the Locarno Treaties, the independence of Austria, and the resistance to Germany's persistence to change the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles. The image shows representatives from France, Italy, and Britain in the agreement. Thus the event is accurately represented. -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty signed
Mussolini created an alliance with Nazi Germany, which resulted in anti-semitism in Italy when it originally was never present. Mussolini tried to make some laws that outlawed Jews in certain ares of Italy, but many of the podestas never carried out the orders. This image shows the unison of Mussolini and Hitler, illustrating their treaty which was described in this event. -
Munich Conference
At this conference, an agreement was made that allowed Germany to annex more Germanic areas of Czechoslovakia. Hitler himself was able to make the British and French representatives agree, due to their fear for another world war. They believed that this agreement would help sustain peace. The image shows Hitler and the French and British representatives at the conference, demonstrating the event. -
Italy invades Albania
General Guzzoni lead Mussolini's miilitary to invade Albania. Italy was successful, allowing them to take almost complete control of the countries. This started to show the world that Italy's peace agreements were not necessarily agreed upon for peace, but for global acceptance. The image shows General Guzzoni, who lead Italian forces, demonstrating the even presented. -
Italy enters WWII on the side of Germany
It order to stay with their alliance, Mussolini follows the advice of Hitler and declares war on Great Britain and France. Due to this, many opposition groups and strikes erupted within Italy. The image shows a newspaper that announces Italy's declaration of war against France, thus illustrating the event presented. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WWII
As the Allies became more successful in WWII, Mussolini was blamed for most of Italy's failures like his alliance with Nazi Germany and nepotism. These things caused a coup when the Fascist Grand Council voted to remove Mussolini from power. This image shows members of Italy against Mussolini, gathering for his removal. Thus, it illustrated the event. -
Mussolini killed
The day following Mussolini's second arrest, he was taking to a communist group who shot him along with his mistress. The picture below show Mussolini dead, demonstrating the event presented.
