Mussolini Timeline

Formation of an Independent Italy

1861

The photo depicts a map of Italy as it formed and shows the different areas of the country as they were added on over time.

Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy

1870

The photo depicts the area of the papal states annexed by Italy.

Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)

Mar 1, 1896

The photo depicts artwork of the Battle of Adwa, which Italy lost to the Ethiopians.

Italy invades and takes over Libya

Oct 4, 1910

The photo depicts Italian soldiers during the takeover of Libya.

Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist newspaper Avanti.

Dec 1, 1912

The photo depicts the newspaper Avanti through an article discussing Mussolini.

Mussolini kicked out of Socialist party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW1.

1914

The photo depicts an article discussing Mussolini and his pro-nationalistic sentiment.

Treaty of London

Apr 26, 1915

This photo depicts the border situation that led the Allies to value Italy's participation in WW1.

Fiasco di Combattimento is formed in Milan

1919

Beginning of Biennio Rosso

1919

The photo depicts the Socialist occupation of different Italian lands.

D'Annunzio takes Fiume

Period: 1919 to 1920

mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti

1921

Attached is a portrait of Giovanni Giolitti, the Prime Minister of Italy who made a deal with Mussolini, inadvertently leading to an increase in Mussolini's power.

Mussolini forms the PNF [fascist party] and is elected its leader.

Nov 9, 1921

Attached is an image depicting Mussolini at a rally for the PNF, showing his role as the organization's leader and the head of fascism in Italy.

march on rome, mussolini becomes prime minister

1922

Attached is a map depicting the paths taken by different fascist groups during the March on Rome, though the event was not as intense as was depicted in fascist propaganda.

Acerbo law passed

1923

Attached is a picture of Giacomo Acerbo, the man who the Acerbo law is named after and who proposed the law with the goal of increasing fascist influence in government.

Corfu incident

1923

Attached is a photograph of the Corfu Incident and the Italian military on the island.

Matteotti crisis

1924

This is a political cartoon depicting Mussolini over Matteotti's grave, with Mussolini appearing as a violent gorilla responsible for his death.

Aventine Secession

Jun 10, 1924

Socialist legislators Enrico Gonzales, Filippo Turati, and Claudio Treveson. They are on their way to Quartarella to attempt to identify Matteotti's body.

Battle for Grain

1925

Battle for Grain propaganda photo of Mussolini.

Locarno Treaty signed

Dec 1, 1925

Group of negotiating members of the Locarno Treaties. Mussolini seated second from the left.

Battle for Land

1926

Propaganda image of Mussolini working alongside Italian farmers.

Battle for the Lira

Aug 18, 1926

Fascist propaganda showing how the lira was being re-valued.

Battle for Births

1927

Mussolini with his family to promote the Battle for Births.

Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed

Aug 27, 1928

World leaders and other members of the Kellogg-Briand pact in Paris.

Lateran Treaty with Pope

Feb 11, 1929

Mussolini and group of Italian and Vatican government members at Lateran Palace.

Stresa Front

1935

Political cartoon showing Stresa Front agreement in response to Adolf Hitler's German remilitarization.

Abyssinian Crisis

Jun 30, 1935

The attached image depicts a newspaper from the time period, listing how the Abyssinian Crisis escalated into a full-scale conflict between Italy and Ethiopia.

Italian Involvement in the Spanish Civil War

Jul 17, 1936

Attached is a political cartoon depicting Italy's significant military involvement in the Spanish Civil War, depicting how the Italians influenced the outcome of the conflict to their advantage through military action.

Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty Signed

Oct 25, 1936

Attached is an image depicting a meeting between Mussolini and Hitler, the authoritarian fascist leaders of Italy and Nazi Germany, the nations who became allies thanks to the signing of the Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty.

Munich Conference

Sep 30, 1938

Attached is a photograph portraying the four main leaders involved in the Munich Conference, including Mussolini, Hitler, Daladier, and Chamberlain, leaders of Italy, Germany, France, and Britain respectively.

Italian Invasion of Albania

Apr 7, 1939

Attached is a map showing how Italian forces invaded Albania by crossing the Adriatic Sea and landing at several points, turning Albania into an Italian protectorate.

Italy enters WWII on the side of Germany

Jun 10, 1940

Attached is a newspaper headline announcing Italy's entry into WWII on the side of the Axis, showing their involvement with the war beginning at this point.

Mussolini ousted as leader of Italy

Jun 24, 1943

Attached is a newspaper announcing Mussolini being kicked out of office in Italy by the king, and being replaced by a pro-ally leader.

Mussolini executed

Apr 28, 1945

Attached is a disturbing image of Mussolini's body, along with others, being hung upside off the roof of a service center after his execution.