Timeline: Mussolini Timeline

1861

Formation of an Independent Italy

The photo depicts a map of Italy as it formed and shows the different areas of the country as they were added on over time.

1870

Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy

The photo depicts the area of the papal states annexed by Italy.

Mar 1, 1896

Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)

The photo depicts artwork of the Battle of Adwa, which Italy lost to the Ethiopians.

Oct 4, 1910

Italy invades and takes over Libya

The photo depicts Italian soldiers during the takeover of Libya.

Dec 1, 1912

Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist newspaper Avanti.

The photo depicts the newspaper Avanti through an article discussing Mussolini.

1914

Mussolini kicked out of Socialist party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW1.

The photo depicts an article discussing Mussolini and his pro-nationalistic sentiment.

Apr 26, 1915

Treaty of London

This photo depicts the border situation that led the Allies to value Italy's participation in WW1.

1919

Fiasco di Combattimento is formed in Milan

1919

Beginning of Biennio Rosso

The photo depicts the Socialist occupation of different Italian lands.

Period: 1919 to 1920

D'Annunzio takes Fiume

1921

mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti

Attached is a portrait of Giovanni Giolitti, the Prime Minister of Italy who made a deal with Mussolini, inadvertently leading to an increase in Mussolini's power.

Nov 9, 1921

Mussolini forms the PNF [fascist party] and is elected its leader.

Attached is an image depicting Mussolini at a rally for the PNF, showing his role as the organization's leader and the head of fascism in Italy.

1922

march on rome, mussolini becomes prime minister

Attached is a map depicting the paths taken by different fascist groups during the March on Rome, though the event was not as intense as was depicted in fascist propaganda.

1923

Acerbo law passed

Attached is a picture of Giacomo Acerbo, the man who the Acerbo law is named after and who proposed the law with the goal of increasing fascist influence in government.

1923

Corfu incident

Attached is a photograph of the Corfu Incident and the Italian military on the island.

1924

Matteotti crisis

This is a political cartoon depicting Mussolini over Matteotti's grave, with Mussolini appearing as a violent gorilla responsible for his death.

Jun 10, 1924

Aventine Secession

Socialist legislators Enrico Gonzales, Filippo Turati, and Claudio Treveson. They are on their way to Quartarella to attempt to identify Matteotti's body.

1925

Battle for Grain

Battle for Grain propaganda photo of Mussolini.

Dec 1, 1925

Locarno Treaty signed

Group of negotiating members of the Locarno Treaties. Mussolini seated second from the left.

1926

Battle for Land

Propaganda image of Mussolini working alongside Italian farmers.

Aug 18, 1926

Battle for the Lira

Fascist propaganda showing how the lira was being re-valued.

1927

Battle for Births

Mussolini with his family to promote the Battle for Births.

Aug 27, 1928

Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed

World leaders and other members of the Kellogg-Briand pact in Paris.

Feb 11, 1929

Lateran Treaty with Pope

Mussolini and group of Italian and Vatican government members at Lateran Palace.

1935

Stresa Front

Political cartoon showing Stresa Front agreement in response to Adolf Hitler's German remilitarization.

Jun 30, 1935

Abyssinian Crisis

The attached image depicts a newspaper from the time period, listing how the Abyssinian Crisis escalated into a full-scale conflict between Italy and Ethiopia.

Jul 17, 1936

Italian Involvement in the Spanish Civil War

Attached is a political cartoon depicting Italy's significant military involvement in the Spanish Civil War, depicting how the Italians influenced the outcome of the conflict to their advantage through military action.

Oct 25, 1936

Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty Signed

Attached is an image depicting a meeting between Mussolini and Hitler, the authoritarian fascist leaders of Italy and Nazi Germany, the nations who became allies thanks to the signing of the Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty.

Sep 30, 1938

Munich Conference

Attached is a photograph portraying the four main leaders involved in the Munich Conference, including Mussolini, Hitler, Daladier, and Chamberlain, leaders of Italy, Germany, France, and Britain respectively.

Apr 7, 1939

Italian Invasion of Albania

Attached is a map showing how Italian forces invaded Albania by crossing the Adriatic Sea and landing at several points, turning Albania into an Italian protectorate.

Jun 10, 1940

Italy enters WWII on the side of Germany

Attached is a newspaper headline announcing Italy's entry into WWII on the side of the Axis, showing their involvement with the war beginning at this point.