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Formation of independent Italy
National Parliament declared the various states of the Italian Peninsula as Italy, which was under one ruler, King Victor Emmanuel II. -
Papal States taken over by New Nation of Italy
Influenced by the aftermath of the Franco-Austrian War.
States voted to join Piedmont-Sardinia with the ultimate goal of unifying the entire Italian peninsula. Piedmont-Sardinia was one of the most powerful states in the Italian Peninsula. -
Battle of Adwa
Ethiopia had 97,000 soldiers, while Italy had only 17,700 soldiers. Menelik secured the Treaty of Addis Ababa in October, which delineated the borders of Eritrea and forced Italy to recognize the independence of Ethiopia. -
Battle for Grain
The government Incentivized farmers to grow in order to increase their supply so they can have more food which made surer they didn't rely on other countries too much. This resulted in a misallocation of resources which still forced Italy to import. -
Mussolini begins work as Editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
Mussolini begins work as Editor for Avanti, the Socialist Party newspaper, in Milan. He started with advocating against violence liberal -
Matteotti Crisis
A political confrontation between liberals and the Fascist government of Italy. This ended up sparking the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, a Socialist opposition deputy. This threatened Mussolini but ended up making Mussolini the absolute dictator of Italy. -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WWI. He slowly dropped the socialist idea of class struggle and advocated for the involvement of Italians in the war and he showed support for World War I. -
Treaty of London
Secret treaty between neutral Italy and the Triple Entente to bring Italy into World War I. Italy was promised Trieste, southern Tyrol, northern Dalmatia, and other territories in return for a pledge to enter the war within a month. -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
Although the secret Treaty of London had assigned Fiume to Yugoslavia, the Italians claimed it at the Paris Peace Conference on the principle of self-determination. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
Mussolini formed National Bloc electoral alliance with Giolitti which was the National Bloc a right-wing coalition of political parties in Italy. -
Mussolini founds the Facist Party
The National Fascist Party was created from Italian nationalism and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed necessary for a nation to assert its superiority. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
Mussolini and the Fascist Party's ascended to power through organized mass demonstration where Fascists used militia squads. -
Acerbo law passed
Gave 66 of the seats in Parliament to the party that received the largest number of votes. This was to give Mussolini's party the majority. -
Corfu incident
This was a battle between Greece and Italy which was triggered when an Italian general heading a commission to resolve a border dispute between Albania and Greece was murdered in Greek territory. -
Aventine Secession
This was the withdrawal of at least 150 left and center deputies from the Italian Chamber of Deputies to show their opposition to the rule of the Fascist leader Benito Mussolini. -
Locarno Treaty signed
seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland.
the Allied powers and new states of Central and Eastern Europe wanted to secure the post-war territorial settlement and return normalizing relations with the defeated the Weimar Republic. It also included how Germany would not go to war with another country. -
Battle for Lira and Land
This was an attempt to raise the claims of Italy becoming a great power, with strong currency, sustainability and stability although it was originally aimed to reduce inflation, -
Battle of Births
The Battle for Births was one of four economic battles that took place in Fascist Italy, a fascist regulation that incentivized women to have more kids by saying that if a family has more than 6 kids, they don't have to pay taxes. -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed
Agreement to outlaw war as a instrument of national policy and promote peace, but it had little effect in stopping the rising militarism of the 1930s or preventing World War II. Signed by nearly all nations. -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 between Italy and the Vatican that made the Church more internationally recognized, defying the homefront expectations that Pope power would be diminished. -
Stresa Front
agreement that formalized opposition to German rearmament and committed them to work together against Germany. This began to collapse after UK signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty signed
Coalition formed between Italy and Germany promising to support each other in the event of a war and was formalized by the Pact of Steel in 1939. Origin of Axis Powers, followed by a series of agreements between Germany and Italy that developed a mutual relationship between Mussolini and Hilter -
Munich Conference
Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex Sudetenland. Hitler previously started rearming Germany in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles. -
Italy enters WWII on side of Germany
Italy entered on the Axis side as the defeat of France became apparent. Italy's war declaration had homefront support. They also switched sides because Italy decided that they weren't going to get the territorial spoils that they were promised before. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WWII
the Italian military position quickly spun out of control, especially in North Africa. As the Italian situation worsened, Mussolini lost the confidence of his own party and in his own reign. -
Mussolini killed
He didn't want to get caught by the US knowing that the communist partisans, who had been fighting some Italian fascist soldiers, would try him as a war criminal, he settled on escape to a neutral country, Switzerland, where he was shot by Italian partisans.
