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British occupation of Egypt
Britain occupied Egypt in September of 1883. National courts were established based on French law in areas of civil, commercial, and criminal cases. The majority of judges were non-Egyptian. The Islamic religious courts retained jurisdiction concerning personal affairs, marriage, divorce, and issues of lineage. School curriculum also changed with the addition of studies of natural sciences which limited the teaching of religious tenants. -
Treaty of Sevres
The defeat of the Ottoman Empire was solidified by the Allied occupation of Constantinople after World War I. This led to the Treaty of Sevres disolving the Ottoman Empire. The lack of a Governing Caliphate with Sharia diluted Islamic society. -
Founding of Muslim Brotherhood
As a way to reinstitute Islamic values and laws, Hassan al-Banna establishes The Muslim Brotherhood. Popular opposition to Colonialism and Zionism enabled The Muslim Brotherhood to expand to Sudan, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and North Africa. -
Actions during World War II
Protests of Egypt's ruling Wafd party were organized by The Brotherhood. These actions were linked to violent demonstrations and political assassinations. Hasan al-Banna was losing his influence over the movement in which he had started. -
Assassination of Prime Minister Nuqrashi
The Egyptian government attempts to dissolve The Muslim Brotherhood. The response is the assassination of Egypt's Prime Minister, Mahmud Fahmi al-Nuqrashi. -
Assassination of Hasad al-Banna
The founder of The Muslim Brotherhood,Hasad al-Banna, is believed to has been assassinated by the Egyptian secret police by order of Egyptian King Farouk. The Brotherhood abandoned its visible public presence. -
Assassination attempt of Egyptian President Nasser
The Brotherhood attempts to assassinate President Gamal Abdel Nasser. The Egyptian government executed Six Brotherhood leaders for treason in their failed attempt. -
Clandestine years
From 1958 through the 1970's, The Muslim Brotherhood existed as a covert organization with limited activities. -
Resurgance of The Brotherhood
A rise in religious activity of Islamic countries brought about the resurgence of The Muslim Brotherhood in the 1980's. The intention now was no longer focused on just anti-colonialism but had expanded to a anti-Western ideology. -
The Brotherhood in Syria
An uprising of The Brotherhood in Hamah, Syria was defeated by the Syrian Government forces of Hafiz al-Assad. The Brotherhood lost 25,000 followers in the uprising. The movement in Egypt and Jordan however gained momentum and began to compete in legislative elections. -
Political gains in Egypt
Although banned as a political organization, the Brotherhood won 17 seats in the 2000 election as Independent candidates, becoming the largest opposition group in Egypt's parliament. -
Further political gains in Egypt
In the 2005 election, Brotherhood candidates gained an additional 88 seats in Parliament. Efforts by Egypt's President Hosni Mubarak to restrict voting in areas supporting The Brotherhood, failed. -
Parliamentary elections of 2010
Persecution of The Muslim Brotherhood increased after the 2005 elections in Egypt. To the extent that The Brotherhood boycotted the elections of 2008. The voice of The Brotherhood was being silenced by the government of Hosni Mubarak. In the 2010 elections, the National Democratic Party won 209 of 211 seats,. The Muslim Brotherhood no longer had influence in the government. -
Protests of Hosni Mubarak
Protests of President Mubarak were organized by a non-religious youth movement. The Brotherhood supported this effort through demonstrations. President Mubarak was forced to resign as President. -
Muslim Brotherhood unopposed
After President Mubarak's departure of office. The Brotherhood was again to take an active role in Islamic society. The ban placed on the organization were removed with Hosni Mubarak's resignation. -
Freedom and Justice Party
The Muslim Brotherhood formed a political party, the Freedom and Justice Party. The policies of this new party were based in conservative Islamic principles. By January of 2012, allied with the Islamists Nur Party, they held considerable power in government. -
President Mohammed Morsi
Mohammed Morsi, representing the Freedom and Justice Party was elected President. He had replaced The Brotherhood's candidate,Khairat al-al-Shater , due to his disqualification from holding office due to his imprisonment under Honsi Mubarak. -
A new Constitution
The draft Constitution as written by the Islamists was approved by the Constituent Assembly. President Morsi was accused of the favoring The Muslim Brotherhood in the language of the new, conservative Constitution. The Morsi government now faced a backlash of protests from the Egyptian people. -
Morsi's forced resignation
Massive protests throughout Egypt were calling for Morsi to step down. General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi declared that the military would intervene if President Morsi could not come to terms with the protestors. On the third of July, General al-Sisi removed Morsi from office, placing him under arrest. The Constitution was suspended and a transitional government was put in office. -
Violence erupts
The removal of President Morsi enraged The Muslim Brotherhood and their conservative supporters. Violent protests began on July 8, and continued throughout August between Egyptian security forces and the protestors. An estimated 1,150 protestors were killed and hundreds of others wounded during this period. -
Ban of The Muslim Brotherhood
The Muslim Brotherhood was once again banned from political office.
