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Took place from 500-1450
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Charlemagne ruled as holy emperor from 800-814. Around 500-600 songs were established during his reign. That amount later expanded to around 3000.
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Guido of Arezzo himself lived from around 990-1050. He created his Micrologus (Little Treatise) in 1030. This was an innovation at the time because it contained outlines of singing and teaching practice of Gregorian Chant. Also it had important discussion on polyphonic music. Guido of Arezzo also was the first to describe a hexachord. A hexachord is a six not series exhibited in a scale or tone row.
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Born: September 16th 1098
Died: September 17th 1179 -
The Notre Dame Cathedral was built in 1163 and was used as a school for composers of polyphonic writing. Leonin (1163-1190) was the first significant composer of polyphonic organum and was the earliest member of the school. His first extensive repertory of composed polyphony was called Magnus Liber Organi. Later came another composer named Perotin. Perotin (1190-1225) was known for his ars ars antiqua music style.
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The troubadours and trobairitz were active from 1170-1348. They were not around after the black death hit in 1348 due to the mass spread disease that killed around 25 million people. (Trobairitz are the female troubadours)
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ca. 1280
Creation of consonant and dissonant intervals
Consonance
- Perfect: Unison, octave
- Intermediate: Fourth and Fourth
- Imperfect: Major and minor thirds
Dissonances
- Imperfect: minor seventh, major sixth, whole tone
- Perfect: minor sixth, semitone, tritone, major seventh -
Born: 1300
Death: 1377
Continued troubadour/ trouvere tradition
4- roundeau style
Cantilena style -
The Ars Nova Treatise was written by a composer named Philippe De Vitry. In his work he makes use of his innovation in rhythmic notation. Primarily in triple he made use of smaller note values to introduce more variation. The treatise itself began around 1323.
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Francesco Landini was born in 1325 and died in 1397. He was an Italian composer who wrote exclusively secular music. His innovation was the creation of the Landini cadence. A Landini cadence is when the sixth degree of a scale is inserted between the leading tone and its resolution on the tonic. It is used by many during the polyphony of the 15th century. He also made use of muica ficta in his writing to avoid tritones.
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ca. 1580-88
A musical group based in Ferrara, Italy known for musical innovation of the concerto delle donne was the multiplication of the ornamented upper voices -
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(1685-1750)
- Bach was one of the most notable composers from this time period.
- Most known for his compositions of Art of Fugue, the Brandenburg Concertos, and the Goldberg Variations, and for vocal music such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. -
(1685-1759)
He was born on the same year as Bach and both were very famous composers but never met. He spent most of his career in London. -
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(1732-1809)
One of the biggest composers of the classical era who wrote 107 symphonies, 26 operas, 83 string quartets, 45 piano trios, 62 piano sonatas, and 14 masses. -
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(1745-1799)
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(1756-1791)
-Toured in (1762-1781)
- Lived in Salzburg (1774-1781)
- In Vienna (1781-1791) -
(1770-1827)
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This was dedicated to the Grand Duke Paul of Russia
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Mozart's piano concerto was composed in 1786 and published in 1800. This was Mozart's most intimate concerto. He also removed trumpets and added oboes and clarinets for a darker sound.
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(1791-1795)
This demonstrates how Mozart influenced Haydn.
This marked when trumpets became independent and basses separated from cellos. -
(1797-1828)
- Late classical/Early romantic -
It is one of the best-known compositions in classical music and one of the most frequently played symphonies. First performed in Vienna's Theater an der Wien in 1808.
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It depicts the death of a child assailed by a supernatural being, the Erlkönig, translated as “Elf King”, though the eponymous character is clearly some kind of demon or 'fairy king'.
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Schubert's Eighth Symphony is sometimes called the first Romantic symphony due to its emphasis on the lyrical impulse within the dramatic structure of Classical sonata form.
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The Mazurkas, Op. 7 are a set of five mazurkas by Frédéric Chopin.
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Premiered on October 16th, 1912
Schönberg's instrumentation consisting of flute, clarinet, violin, cello, and piano was super important in the 20th and 21st centuries. -
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Composed between 1921-1923
This was a 12 tone piece written for the piano. -
Before writing this Gershwin was asked to compose a concerto-like piece for an all-jazz concert. This resulted in the creation of this piece.
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Recorded December 13, 1927
Louis Armstrong performed this with is group the Hot Five. This piece had a New Orleans jazz style to it that audiences loved. -
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Composed in 1940
This piece is based on Gershwin's piece called "I Got Rythm"
Originally it was only an instrumental work but later, Ellington added lyrics. -
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Premiered on December 1st, 1944
This is a five-movement orchestra piece that one of Bartók's most well-known works. -
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