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Period: 300 to 1400
Medieval Period
A period that began in Europe with the end of the Roman ages. It is known for slower economic and scientific development, increased religious conflict, and the spread of the bubonic plague. -
Period: 991 to 1033
Guido of Arezzo's formulation of the Solmization System
A set of syllables proposed by 11th century monk Guido of Arezzo to help singers remember the pattern of whole tones and semitones -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard of Bingen
-The most prolific European composer before 1500
-Founded a convent near Bingen, Germany
-Set poetry to her own chant melodies rather than using preexisting melodies -
1322
Ars Nova Treatise
The Ars Nova Treatise had important innovations in notating rhythm, providing the earliest examples of isorhythm. -
Period: 1400 to
Renaissance Period
A period of great change for European culture, literature, art, and music. -
1529
Martin Luther Chorale ๐๐ช๐ฏ ๐ง๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ฆ ๐ฃ๐ถ๐ณ๐จ
Martin Luther wrote many texts and some melodies for Lutheran church music. "A mighty fortress is our God" is the best known. -
1538
Arcadelt Madrigal ๐๐ญ ๐ฃ๐ช๐ข๐ฏ๐ค๐ฐ ๐ฆ ๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ค๐ฆ ๐ค๐ช๐จ๐ฏ๐ฐ
Arcadelt was a composer known for using themes of sex/death. He used extreme chromaticism and word painting to express emotions of a text. -
1567
Palestrina ๐๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฆ ๐๐ข๐ณ๐ค๐ฆ๐ญ๐ญ๐ถ๐ด ๐๐ข๐ด๐ด
This work demonstrated that words could be intelligible in polyphonic music with 6 voices. Palestrina is known for saving polyphony from the Council of Trent. -
Victoria ๐๐ช๐ด๐ด๐ข ๐ ๐ฎ๐ข๐จ๐ฏ๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ฎ๐บ๐ด๐ต๐ฆ๐ณ๐ช๐ถ๐ฎ
This is a parody imitation mass based on Victoria's own motet, which this Spanish composer was known for composing. -
Period: to
Baroque Period
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Monteverdi's ๐โ๐๐ณ๐ง๐ฆ๐ฐ
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First Public Concerts in England
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JS Bach
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Viennese Classical Period
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Antonio Vivaldi's ๐โ๐๐ด๐ต๐ณ๐ฐ ๐๐ณ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ช๐ค๐ฐ
Significance: Vivaldi wrote on commission and earned money through publications. ๐โ๐๐ด๐ต๐ณ๐ฐ ๐๐ณ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ช๐ค๐ฐ is one of the many concertos published with a fanciful name, in part to attract buyers. -
Rameau's ๐๐ณ๐ข๐ช๐ตรฉ ๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐ญโ๐ฉ๐ข๐ณ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ช๐ฆ
Significance: ๐๐ณ๐ข๐ช๐ตรฉ ๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐ญโ๐ฉ๐ข๐ณ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ช๐ฆ quickly won Rameau renown as a theorist after settling in Paris to seek better opportunities. -
Bach ๐๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐๐ฆ๐ญ๐ญ-๐๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฅ ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ท๐ช๐ฆ๐ณ volume 1
Significance: This is a collection of 48 preludes and fugues in all major and minor keys to be played on different types of keyboard instruments. -
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Franz Joseph Haydn
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Handel's ๐๐ฆ๐ด๐ด๐ช๐ข๐ฉ
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WA Mozart
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Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges as director of Concerts des Amateurs
Known by US president John Adams as "the most accomplished man in Europe," Saint-Georges directed one of the finest orchestras in Europe. -
Mozart's ๐๐ฐ๐ฏ ๐๐ช๐ฐ๐ท๐ข๐ฏ๐ฏ๐ช
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Haydn's Symphony No. 94 "Surprise"
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