-
2000 BCE
Xylophone
The first definite proof of the xylophone's existence was found in the 9th century in south-east Asia. It was called a percussion instrument. Percussionhttp://everythingpercussion.weebly.com › history-of-the-... -
1500 BCE
Trumpet
The trumpet is a part of the Brass family. It was made in various places such as China, South America, Scandinavia, and Asia.
San Francisco Symphonyhttps://www.sfsymphony.org › EducationCommunity -
900 BCE
Organum
Organum is a type of style of plainchant melody that dates back to the middle ages. The prominent composers of this style would be Léonin and Pérotin, They were the first international composers of polyphonic music. Organum consists of two melodic lines moving simultaneously note against note.
https://blog.pond5.com/28747-what-is-organum/#:~:text=Organum%20is%20rooted%20in%20the,that%20hard%20to%20say%20definitively. -
900 BCE
Flute
The flute is sought to be made in 900BC in Germany.
It is apart of the woodwind family, it was made by Theobald Boehm. A flute produces sound when the player's air flows across an opening. https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/nmah_606256#:~:text=Theobald%20Boehm%20(1794%2D1881),new%20fingering%20system%20in%201847. -
500 BCE
Gregorian Chant
It is music that is monophonic, which means a melody of one note at a time. Hildegard Von Bingen is one of the composers listed as prominent. The absolutely most famous Gregorian Chant is the Salve Regina made by them. One fun fact is the term “Gregorian” refers to Pope Gregory I, who was head of the Catholic Church.
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ket-music-history-medieval/gregorian-chant-music-arts-toolkit/#:~:text=It%20was%20music%20of%20the,ways%20the%20chants%20were%20sung. -
1098
Hildegard of Bingen
Hildegard was born in 1098, Bermersheim vor der Höhe, Germany she died september 17, 1179. She was an enormously influential and spiritual woman, who paved the way for other women to succeed in a number of fields from theology to music. One of her better-known works was Ordo Virtutum.
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Guillaume-Dufay/321887#:~:text=French%20composer%20Guillaume%20Dufay%20was,was%20born%20in%20about%201400. -
1160
Perotin
Pérotin was born in 1160, France Paris. He died in 1230. Perotin was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony. He is known to have composed two four-part works, “Viderunt” and “Sederunt”. Pérotin's music has had an influence such as 20th century composers who wrote minimalist music such as Steve Reich.
https://www.last.fm/music/P%C3%A9rotin/+wiki -
1198
Viderunt Omnes
https://open.spotify.com/track/4QvNTgpLb6lmqiEqzNn3Bl
The composer of this song is Leonin, Viderunt omnes was written for Christmas 1198. The style of song is Mass. “Viderunt omnes” is Latin for “All shall see.” -
Dec 26, 1199
Sedurunt Principes
https://open.spotify.com/track/2nzGRCHHDjeaclgwVP4R3n
The composer of this song is Perotin, his Sederunt principes and Viderunt Omnes are among of the only organa known. The style of this song is classical. It was made on 26 December, 1199, -
1201
Palastinalied
https://open.spotify.com/track/7MEjwK4aCZ6VpIk7XakSpB
This song was composed by Walther Von Der Vogelweide. The style of the song is a Crusade, and it was made in the early 13th century. -
1300
Suite
A suite is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral/concert band pieces. The prominent composer of the Suite is George Frideric Handel who was a German-British Baroque composer. Fun Fact, The French word “suite” means “a sequence” of things.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-musicapp-medieval-modern/chapter/suite/#:~:text=The%20suite%20was%20a%20widely,for%20actual%20dancing%20at%20court. -
1300
Ars nova
Its Innovations in rhythmic patterns, lyrical setting, melodic construction, and harmonic variation flourished in the Kingdom of France during the Late Middle Ages. Prominent composers are Philippe de Vitry, and Guillaume de Machaut. A fun fact is Ars Nova compositions were more rhythmically complex than the Gregorian Chant. https://wwnorton.com/college/music/concise-history-western-music4/ch/04/outline.aspx#:~:text=Guillaume%20de%20Machaut%20(ca.,of%20the%20French%20Ars%20Nova. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer born in Reims, France in year 1300 and died in year 1377, he was the central figure of the nova style in medieval music. He is best known for being the first composer to write single-handedly a polyphonic setting of the mass ordinary. Among his only surviving works, Messe de Nostre Dame is the most notable. His influence was mostly technical innovations spread beyond the borders of France. https://study.com/academy/lesson/guillaumedemachautmusic -
1397
Guillaume Dufay
Guillaume Dufay born August 5, 1397 Beersel, Belgium, died on November 27 1474. Guillaume Dufay was best known for both his church music and his songs, having composed such good works as Adieu ces bons vins de which of many compositions for which a specific historical occasion can be identified. Guillaume Dufay is still highly regarded as a pivotal composer who bridged the Medieval period. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guillaume-Dufay -
1450
Trombone
The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family, it is thought to have been invented in Belgium around 1450, but nobody knows the location and cannot trace its creator. https://study.com/academy/lesson/trombone-history-parts-facts.html#:~:text=Who%20Invented%20the%20Trombone%3F,trumpet%20while%20playing%20lower%20notes. -
1530
Viola
The viola is a string instrument that is slightly larger than a violin. The viola was first introduced in northern Italy between 1530 and 1550. Gaspare da Salo and Andrea Amati made the Viola.
https://www.johnsonstring.com/violas-facts/#:~:text=The%20viola%20was%20first%20introduced,bowed%20Western%20classical%20stringed%20instrument. -
1550
Cello
The cello first emerged in Northern Italy in the first half of the 16th century. Andrea Amati was the first person who got exposure for making the cello. It is apart of the string family.
Classical-Music.comhttps://www.classical-music.com › whats-a-cello -
1551
Concerto
A concerto is a piece of classical music that is a soloist accompanied by an orchestra, from the late Baroque era. Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and considered the prominent composers of Concerto's. Fun fact the word concerto,meaning accord or gathering, derives from the Latin verb concertare, which indicates a competition or battle.
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/concerto#:~:text=A%20concerto%20is%20a%20classical,or%20highlighted%20by%20an%20orchestra. -
1555
Violin
The violin emerged in the early 16th century in northern Italy, made by Andre Amati from Cremona and Gasparo di Bertolotti from Salon.
Yamaha Corporationhttps://www.yamaha.com › violin › structure -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio born in 1567, Cremona Italy. Is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history. Among his most notable works are the operas Orfeo and L'incoronazione di Poppea. The composer who influenced him the most is the Flemish composer Giaches de Wert.
https://www.gramophone.co.uk/composers/claudio-monteverdi-38253#:~:text=Among%20his%20most%20notable%20works,sacred%20pieces%2C%20the%201610%20Vespers. -
Francesca Caccini
She was born into a musical family in Florence Italy on 18 September, 1587, she died in 1640 . She was a italian composer, singer, lutenist, poet, and a music teacher of the early Baroque era. One of her major works by Caccini survive, Il primo libro delle musiche a una e due voci, a collection of 32 songs and four soprano and bass duets She was the most well-paid musician in the court at the height of her career in the 1620s. (nothing on influence I could find)
(link doesn't fit as well) -
Opera
Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. The classical period was dominated by two composers Haydn and Mozart . Fun fact about Opera is Plácido Domingo set the world record for the longest applause.
https://www.eno.org/discover-opera/the-beginners-guide-to-opera/#:~:text=Opera%20(the%20Italian%20word%20for,the%20orchestra%2C%20is%20completely%20live. -
Medieval-Baroque
As the medieval period gave way to the baroque era, the shift had advancements in musical notation and the rise of greater freedom for composers, the baroque period experiences a new wave of development of new musical forms such as oratorio, and concerto. -
Oboe
The oboe first appeared in France in the 17th century. Oboes are usually made of wood. The invention was made by of two French court musicians, Jacques Hotteterre and Michel Philidor. https://www.yamaha.com/en/musical_instrument_guide/oboe/structure/#:~:text=The%20oboe%20first%20appeared%20in,France%2C%20changing%20the%20situation%20considerably. -
Barbara Strozzi
She was born on Aug 6th, 1619,Venice Italy, she died on Nov 11, 1677. Her most notable work is "Lagrime mie" (Lamento), Op. Barbara Strozzi, Ensemble Poïésis. Her primary teacher was Francesco Cavalli, an Italian composer of opera in the early Baroque period, which is possibly her influence. https://www.musicbywomen.org/composer/barbara-strozzi/#:~:text=Strozzi's%20primary%20teacher%20was%20Francesco,is%20reflected%20in%20Strozzi's%20works. -
Sonata Prima
https://open.spotify.com/track/5OJUGdWG1E6lJnhikk5bsE
Italian composer Dario Castello wrote this in 1629. The Style is Chamber Music. -
Bassoon
The bassoon is a musical instrument in the woodwind family, it is thought to have been developed in France in the year 1636. The bassoon is usually made of wood
https://www.janissemjonovs.lv/bassoon.html#:~:text=Around%201678%2C%20the%20French%20bassoon,are%20technically%20easier%20to%20play. -
Dieterich Buxtehude
Dieterich Buxtehude was a Danish organist and composer of the Baroque period. He was born in 1637 in Oldesloe, Holstein and died on May 9, 1707. His most important and influential works are considered include toccatas, preludes, fugues, chaconnes, and pieces based on chorales. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dietrich-Buxtehude -
Clarinet
The clarinet is a musical instrument in the woodwind family. The clarinet family is the largest woodwind family. The clarinet was invented in the 17th century by Johann Christoph Denner, in Germany.
Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com › ... › Jazz Music -
Piano
It is a Percussive instrument. The piano is estimated to have been invented around 1700 by Bartolomeo Cristofori in Italy. It is an acoustic and keyed musical instrument.
https://mim.org/exploring-the-history-of-the-piano/#:~:text=Invented%20in%20Padua%2C%20Italy%2C%20by,on%20the%20keys%E2%80%94an%20important -
The Four Seasons
https://open.spotify.com/track/1MJn5j28BnkXK0TFINbYfI
a set of four violin concertos composed in 1723, made by Antonia Vivaldi a an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music. -
Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition most often for orchestra. Fredric Francois Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, and a prominent composer of symphony's. Fun Fact, All but one of the symphonies are in their normal three movements.
https://fcsymphony.org/blog/what-is-a-symphony/#:~:text=A%20symphony%20is%20a%20specific,song%20on%20a%20rock%20album.. -
Messiah
https://open.spotify.com/track/6oJHUETUqvql8jNMdOidwt
Messiah is an English-language oratorio composed in 1741, it is a commentary on Jesus´s Nativity, Passion, Resurrection and Ascension¨ many said. It was composed by George Fredric Handel. The style is oratorio. -
Mandolin
A mandolin is a stringed musical instrument, the mandolin is a modern member of the lute family, dating back to Italy in the 18th century. It was credited to the vanaccia family.
https://www.mandolincafe.com/archives/briefhistory.html -
Sonata
Is a type of musical composition, usually for a solo instrument or a small instrumental ensemble, that typically consists of two to four movements. Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period and was considered the prominent composer. Fun fact, the term sonata originally denoted a composition played on instruments.
https://www.britannica.com/art/sonata#:~:text=sonata%2C%20type%20of%20musical%20composition,with%20a%20unique%20musical%20character. -
Classical Period
A common characteristic of Classical music is “graceful” melodies, in clear-cut and balanced phrases. Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist, and is considered the prominent composers of Classical music. Fun Fact, Classical music has often been inspired by jazz, and jazz by classical music.
https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/ap-euro/classical-period#:~:text=The%20Classical%20period%20refers%20to,its%20refined%20and%20elegant%20style. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, and he died on December 5, 1791, in Vienna, Austria. His notable works include the motet Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165 (1773), the operas The Marriage of Figaro (1786) and Don Giovanni (1787), and the Jupiter Symphony (1788). Bach spent five months teaching Mozart in composition. Bach is regarded as having a strong influence on the young Mozart.
https://www.operaphila.org/whats-on/on-stage-2016-2017/figaro/composer/ -
Banjo
The banjo is a stringed instrument, Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by African Americans and had African antecedents, it derives from instruments that have been recorded to be in use in North America and the Caribbean since the 17th century.
https://music.si.edu/spotlight/banjos-smithsonian#:~:text=The%20banjo%20was%20created%20by,of%20rural%20and%20urban%20settings. -
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Ludwig was born in December 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He died in March 1827. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music because of his notable works which some are the Emperor Piano Concerto, Eroica Symphony, Ode to Joy, etc. He was influencive by widening the scope of the symphony, the sonata, and the concerto.
https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/b/ba-bn/ludwig-van-beethoven/#:~:text=He%20is%20widely%20recognized%20as,set%20of%20keyboard%20variations%20appeared. -
Bernhard Crusell
Bernhard Henrik Crusell was born on the 15th of October 1775 in Finland, and died on 28 July 1838. His notable works are his three clarinet concertos in the years 1811, 1816, and 1829, an air and variations for clarinet and a Concertante for clarinet, bassoon and horn in 1816. Crusell ranks high in the history of Finnish music, which is very influential because he had a impact on the place he was born in. -
Etude
An etude is a short tune that musicians plays mainly for practice or to demonstrate skill. Prominent composers for etude is Frédéric Chopin as he has had many etudes. Fun fact Chopin's Études are some of the hardest pieces of all the works in concert piano repertoire.
http://www.mtna.org/downloads/virtual/Etudes%20Handouts.pdf -
Chamber Music
Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer, who is labeled under the prominent composer of Chamber Music. Fun fact, A “chamber” is a “room” (from the French word “chambre”). Usually the word “chamber” in English means a room in a large house or castle.
https://www.britannica.com/art/chamber-music -
Franz Schubert
Schubert was born on Jan 31, 1797 in Vienna, Austria and died in Nov 19th 1828. His notable works include Erlkönig, Ave Maria!, and the Symphony No. 9 in C Major. As a music student, he heard the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Their music influenced Schubert. Schubert's music neatly bridges the Classical and Romantic periods through its use of lovely melodies. https://www.classicfm.com/composers/schubert/ -
Classical-Romantic
Classical music paved the way for various compositional and melodic techniques that were seen in the Romantic Era. Composers such as Beethoven, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky pushed the boundaries of musical expression exploring its lyrical melodies as apposed to the style of Classical music, and more dramatic contrasts of dynamics. The romantic period focused upon the use of song-like melodies and newer harmonic elements, the classical period had an emphasis towards elegance and balance in its music. -
Piano Sonata No 14.
https://open.spotify.com/track/630zE7N1xPxdK2Zz4S3rPAP
Its composer is Ludwig Van Beethoven. Its style is classical music and it was made in 1801. -
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt who was born on 22 October 1811 in Raiding, Austria, and died on 31 July 1886, was a Hungarian composer. Some of some of his best loved works include
Hungarian Rhapsody No, Mephisto Waltz No, and La Campanella. He was influence by inventing the symphonic poem for orchestra.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Liszt#:~:text=Franz%20Liszt%20was%20the%20greatest,the%20symphonic%20poem%20for%20orchestra. -
Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian composer best known for his operas. He was born on Oct 10, 1813 in Le Roncol, Italy, and died on Jan 27th, 1901. Noted for operas such as Rigoletto (1851), Il trovatore (1853), La traviata (1853), Don Carlos (1867), Aida (1871), and Otello (1887). The person who influenced him the most was, Gaetano Donizetti.
https://www.eno.org/discover-opera/the-beginners-guide-to-verdi/#:~:text=Verdi%20is%20famed%20for%20three,now)%20lesser%2Dknown%20works. -
French Horn
The French horn was made in Germany in the year 1814 it was made by German makers Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Blümel, it is considered a brass instrument. Yamaha Music - Bloghttps://hub.yamaha.com › winds › brass › meet-the-fren... -
Clara Schumann
Clara Josephine Schumann (13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. She was called one of the most distinguished pianists of the romantic era, her influenced allowed changing the format of the piano recital by lessening the importance of purely virtuosic works. Her most notable work was her Piano Concerto.
https://www.laphil.com/about/watch-and-listen/get-to-know-clara-schumann -
Accordion
The accordion is a member of the wind musical instruments family. It was invented in Germany by Friedrich Buschmann in 1822.
Stage Music Centerhttps://stagemusiccenter.com › accordion-history-fun-fa... -
Choral Music
Is music sung by a choir with two or more voices assigned to each part, consisting of two or more autonomous vocal lines. Johannes Brahms was a German composer, and pianist considered one of the prominent composers during the romantic period for choral music. Fun fact the word choralgesang, "choral song," with its Latin root of cantus choralis, means "song belonging to a choir." -
Cornet
The cornet is a brass instrument, The cornet was invented in France in the 1820s as a valved version of the post horn, One of the first makers was the Parisian Jean Asté, known as Halary, in 1828.
https://www.themouthpiece.com/threads/the-history-of-the-bb-cornet.52435/#:~:text=The%20simple%20answer%20is%20that,with%20a%20change%20to%20E. -
Tuba
The tuba was made in 1835 in Germany, it is a part of the Brass family. It was invented by Wilhelm Wieprecht and the musical instrument inventor Johann Moritz.
Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com › ... › Musical Instruments -
La Traviata
https://open.spotify.com/track/41ujv4mhxlqR8nlnieDpDp
This was made by Giuseppe Verdi in 1853. It is an Opera styled song, he adapted it from his own 1848 novel. -
Cécile Chaminade
Cécile Louise Stéphanie Chaminade was born on the 8th of August 1857 in Paris, and died on 13 April 1944, she was a french composer and pianist. Her notable works include 20 Suite d'Orchestre (1881), 26 Symphonie Dramatique Les Amazones" (1884), and 37 Callirhoë, ballet symphonique (1888). She is influential because she became the first female composer to be granted admission to the Order of the Legion of Honour.
https://www.pcmsconcerts.org/composer/cecile-chaminade/ -
Ethel Smyth
Ethel Smyth was born on April 23, 1858, in Sidcup, Kent, England and she died on May 8, 1944. Her most notable works are, The March of the Women, and Laggard Dawn.
She was very influential as her music "The March of the Women" became a symbol of the suffragette movement.
https://www.eno.org/composers/dame-ethel-mary-smyth/ -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler was born on July 7, 1860, Kaliště, Bohemia, Austrian Empire, and died on May 18, 1911. His notable works are Symphony No. 2, 'Resurrection,
Symphony No. 8, 'Symphony Of A Thousand', and Symphony No. Mahler was influenced by Richard Wagner during his student days, and later became a leading interpreter of Wagner's operas. Mahler achieved a standard of interpretation and performance, which left a great influence on his followers. https://www.classicfm.com/composers/mahler/ -
Carmen
https://open.spotify.com/track/2pCLg7o60iAnNEbYDW9Lhy
French composer Georges Bizet Carmen became one of the most popular operas ever written. Carmen was written in 1875. Its style is comique. -
Florence Price
She was born on April 9, 1887,in Little Rock, AR and died on
June 3, 1953.Her notable works are: "Three Little Negro Dances," "Songs to a Dark Virgin", "My Soul's Been Anchored in the Lord" for piano or orchestra and voice, and "Moon Bridge". She was an artist who defied the racial and gender barriers and became the first African American woman recognized as a symphonic composer. -
George Gershwin
He was an American composer and pianist born on Sep 26, 1898 in Brooklyn, New York, and died on July 11, 1937. Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue, and An American in Paris. George Gershwin created some of music history's most cherished melodies.
https://smtd.umich.edu/ami/gershwin/?page_id=50#:~:text=George%20Gershwin%20created%20some%20of,DuBose%20Heyward%2C%20on%20whose%20book -
Bongo
An Afro-Cuban percussion instrument consisting of a pair of small open bottomed hand drums of different sizes. The origin of the bongo is largely unclear, but the area it was made in is heavily populated by Bantu slaves from Congo and Angola https://www.soundbridge.io/the-bongo-drum-percussion-instruments#:~:text=The%20Bongo%20drum%2C%20better%20known,%2C%20%22macho%2C%22%20male. -
Symphony No. 2
https://open.spotify.com/track/69m0q3FSFHRpnv3kjibdji
Mily Balakirev began work on his Symphony No. 2 in D minor in 1900, and completed it in 1908, he was a Russian composer of orchestral music, piano music, and songs. The style is obviously a Symphony. -
Jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, complex chords, and call and response vocals. Duke Ellington is one of the prominent composers of jazz. Fun Fact about Jazz is, Jazz actually started out as pop.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jazz#:~:text=Synonyms%20of%20jazz-,1,in%20a%20loud%20rhythmic%20manner -
Expressionist Music
Expressionist music often features a high level of dissonance, extreme contrasts of dynamics, and constant changing of textures.The prominent composer of musical expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg. Fun fact about expressionist music, artists often used bold, distorted colors to emphasize and evoke sentiment.
https://www.atxfinearts.com/blogs/news/what-are-the-characteristics-of-expressionism- -
Drum set
A drum set is a collection of drums, cymbals, and sometimes other auxiliary percussion instruments set up to be played by one person. It was made in New Orleans by Edward “Dee Dee” Chandler Smithsonian Musichttps://music.si.edu › story › birth-drum-set -
Folk
Folk music is defined having repetition of simple melodies, it has lyrics that tell stories, and it uses repetition of a catchy chorus. Edward Benjamin Britten, was an English composer, and considered a prominent composer of Folk Music during the 20th Century. Fun Fact about Folk Music is Folk music was generally not written in sentence form.
https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/22367/what-characterizes-american-folk-music -
Rhapsody In Blue
https://open.spotify.com/track/7oB0QBEnGRIJjvlDc8YnM6
Rhapsody in Blue is a 1924 music written by George Gershwin for solo piano and jazz band. He is famous for this song, Gershwin composed Rhapsody in Blue in 3 weeks. Its Genre is Orchestral Jazz. -
Piano Concerto in G major
https://open.spotify.com/track/4ju98rvX917EwXLKLnRbQ2
It was composed between 1929 and 1931 by Maurice Ravel, its style is Basque Folk. -
Take the ¨A¨ train
https://open.spotify.com/track/6NMx9rdQOreZCjcd4StLgM
Was composed by Billy Strayhorn in 1939, An arranger who collaborated with bandleader and composer Duke Ellington. Its Genre is Jazz. -
This Land Is Your Land
https://open.spotify.com/track/3ZjrfGcb3A2PMGA1vRNgSk
This song was composed by Woody Guthrie. He is best known for his folk ballads, traditional and children's songs. It was composed in February 1940. The Style is Folk. -
You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling
https://open.spotify.com/track/5GMw6X6BbCDGO9gApQYRSa
Cynthia Weil was an American songwriter who wrote many songs with her husband. They finished writing in 1964. The style is Vocal/Easy Listening. -
Hang Drum
Inventors of the hang drum are, Felix Rohner, and Sabina Schärer it was developed in 2000. The Hang is typically played resting on the person whos playing it lap. The Hang drum is mostly played with the hands and fingers instead of mallets.