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The medieval period began in Europe after the Roman empire lost power. Defined by religious conflict and the bubonic plague.
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Monk Guido of Arrezo creates a pattern of syllables that help musicians to remember scalar patterns of whole steps and half steps.
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Hildegard of Bingen was a musician and religious figure. She was the most prominent composer of her time and was famous for her chant melodies.
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Phillippe De Vitry writes the Ars Nova Treatise, a system of notation that allowed for more complex rythms, and the first isorythms.
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The Renaissance entailed great development in art, music, and culture in Europe.
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Martin Luther completes his work Ein Feste Burg meaning "A fortress is our mighty God."
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Jacques Arcadelt writes Il Bianco De Dolce Cigno, a four part homophonic work.
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Giovanni Pieuigi Da Palestrini completes the Pope Marcellus Mass, a piece famous for its use of polyphony across many voices. Palestrini is thought to have saved polyphony from being banned by the council of Trent.
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Tomás Luis De Victoria writes his imitation or parody mass based on his own Motet, O Magnum Mysterium.
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An early opera that helped shaped the conventions of opera that are still used today.
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Helped the general public gain access to music.
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A series of twelve concertos that influenced other composers of the time, namely Bach.
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A treatise that outlined how to write music using major and minor scales and other modern harmonic concepts. Laid the groundwork of modern music theory.
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A series of twenty-four preludes and fugues, written in every major and minor key. Helped to popularize equal temperment tuning.
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One of the most famous oratorios written.
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Joseph Bologne, Chevalier De Saint Georges was a violinist, composer, and conductor. He was one of the first musicians of color, and the first recorded classical composer of color.
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A two act opera premiered on Oct. 29, 1787. Considered one of the greatest operas ever written.
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Premiered In London on March 23, 1792.