Music History I

By twalke73
  • Period: 500 to 1450

    Middle Ages

  • 800

    Charlemagne (742-814)

    Charlemagne ruled over the Frankish lands. He, then, went to Rome and was crowned the Holy Roman Empire by the pope in the year 800. Musically, this meant that Roman chant, art, architecture, and manuscript production and illumination stretched across the Alps. Frankish lands were brought the Gregorian chants of Christian liturgy. Afterwards, this repertory became stabilized in the area and was preserved in written form.
  • 900

    Music Enchiriadis

    Music Handbook; describes 2 different types of polyphony or organum. Parallel - a plainchant melody in the principal voice (vox principalis) is duplicated down a fourth or fifth in the organal voice (vox organalis). Oblique - one part moves, the other stays put - the added part was melodically different from the plainchant. This means more intervalic variance and dissonance comes into play.
  • 1030

    Guido of Arezzo Micrologus

    Little Treatise; monk Guido of Arezzo (ca. 990-1050) invented set of syllables (ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la) to help singers remember pattern of whole and half steps in hexachords. Solmization - solfege. Guidonian hand - visual device helping people to learn hexachord system by teaching to sing intervals being pointed out on different left hand joints. He invented four-line staff, as well.
  • 1098

    Hildegard of Bingen

    Birth
  • 1100

    Troubadours/Trobairitz

    Years Active: 1100 - 1350
  • 1160

    Notre Dame School Polyphony

    This refers to the group of composers working at or near Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris (ca. 1160-1250). Only two composers are known. Leoninus (1163-1190) and Perotinus (1190-1225).
  • 1179

    Hildegard of Bingen

    Death
  • 1230

    Carmina Burana

    Manuscript; that contains songs (the Carmina Burana proper) and six religious plays. 254 Latin poems written by scholars and students in western Europe during 11th - 13th centuries. Sections: O Fortuna, Coming of Spring, Drinking, Love, O Fortuna. Some poems were set to music by Carl Orff in 1935-1936.
  • 1280

    Franco of Cologne/Ars Cantus Mensurabilis

    German teacher in Paris around 1280. His Franconian mensural notation includes, double long, long, breve, semi breve and their rest counterparts. Also categorized consonant and dissonant intervals into perfect and imperfect each.
  • 1300

    Guillaume de Machuat

    Birth
  • 1323

    Ars Nova Treatise

    Written by Philippe de Vitry (1315-1375). Isorhythm - musically unifying - tenors laid out in segments of identical rhythm. Also the introduction of things being divided by three and TWO. Triple and duple meters. Time (division of breve) and prolation (division of semibreve).
  • 1325

    Francesco Landini

    Birth
  • 1377

    Guillaume de Machaut

    Death
  • 1397

    Francesco Landini

    Death
  • 1400

    Old Hall Manuscript

    Compiled 1400-1420 - largest complete collection of English sacred music. 148 compositions within and 77 were written in score. Most are from bits of the ordinary of the Mass and grouped in sections.
  • Period: 1450 to

    Renaissance

  • 1454

    Gutenberg Printing Press

    Perfected movable type in Europe; first used for music in the 1470s.
  • 1485

    Josquin's Ave Maria Virgo Serena Motet

    The text refers to the 5 feasts of the Virgin; the Life of Mary from Nativity through Assumption.
    Often referred to as the Mona Lisa of music.
  • 1501

    Petrucci Odhecaton

    In Venice, Ottaviano Petrucci (1466- 1639) published the first music with movable type - first collection of polyphonic music. Harmonice musices odhecaton A (One hundred songs of harmonic music).
  • 1529

    Martin Luther's Ein feste burg

    Chorale tune composed by Martin Luther himself - believed that music is a gift from God and must be shared with the congregation. Brought easy to learn chorale into the church so that congregation members could learn and participate in the music making.
  • 1538

    Arcadelt Il bianco e dolce cigno

    Flemish madrigal composer; this is his best known work. "Elegant innuendo" through the text, impressive text painting as with most madrigals.
  • 1567

    Palestrina Pope Marcellus Mass

    Published in Palestrina's Second Book of Masses in 1567. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was a highly acclaimed composer of church music during the 1500s. The Missa Papae Marcelli is a six voice mass that was polyphonic but also contained the ability for the text to be understood. Which was a new technique at the time. A model for sacred polyphony.
  • Period: 1570 to 1580

    Florentine Camerata

    From the early 1570s, and reached a peak in the 1580s.
  • 1580

    Concerto delle Donne

    Concert of Women (1580-1597); Ferrara, Italy. Revolutionized women roles in Renaissance; professional musicians; madrigals written for them

  • Musica Transalpina

    English Madrigal songbook; (Music from across the Alps) borrowed the madrigals from Italy and when words were lost in translation "fa la la" was put in instead.

  • Sonata pian'e forte

    Giovanni Gabrieli (1553 - 1612) wrote this piece in 1597 in Venice, Italy. Abstract instrumental music - canzonas. It was the first to include dynamics as well as what instruments were meant to play which parts.
  • Period: to

    Baroque

  • Giulio Caccini's Le nuove musiche

    The New Music; New Pieces of Music; Musical Pieces in a New Style
    First published collection of solo songs with basso continuo.
    Madrigals (through composed) and Arias (strophic) both included.
    Songs contain figured bass notation so that the basso continuo can be realized.
    Baroque Texture: Soprano and Bass, the middle voices aren't written out.
    Types of ornamentations described: Esclamazioni, passagio, trillo, and gruppo.

  • L'Orfeo

  • Period: to

    Versailles' orchestras Vingtquatre Violons du Roi (24 Violins of the King)

  • First Public Concerts in England

  • Period: to

    Arcangelo Corelli’s Trio Sonatas

    Published Op. 1 (1681), Op. 2 (1685), Op. 3 (1689), Op. 4 (1695), Op. 5 (1700), and Op. 6 (1714).
  • Period: to

    Handel

  • Period: to

    J.S. Bach

  • Jean Baptiste Lully's Armide

  • Dido and Aeneas

  • Period: to

    Farinelli

  • Antonio Vivaldi's L’Estro Armonico

  • Brandenburg Concertos

  • Rameau's Traité de l’harmonie

  • The Well-Tempered Clavier volume 1

  • Giulio Cesare

  • St. Matthew Passion

  • Period: to

    Pre-Classical Period

  • Period: to

    Franz Joseph Haydn

  • Pergolesi's La serva padrona

  • Messiah

    Completed 1741; premiered in Dublin in 1742
  • Period: to

    Johann Stamitz at Mannheim

    Johann Stamitz (1717-1757)
    He was a violinist in Mannheim by 1742. Promoted through first chair to conductor of the ensemble.
    He left for Paris in 1754.

  • J. Quantz Essays on Playing the Flute

  • Period: to

    WA Mozart

  • Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice

    Christoph W. Gluck helped propel the Opera Reform movement. This opera was his way of restoring simplicity to the art form. He restored the overture, orchestra played almost continuously, chorus and ballet come back, and it was to be sung as written (NO ornamentation).
  • Period: to

    Viennese Classical Period

  • Piano Concerto No.23

  • Don Giovanni

  • Period: to

    London Symphonies