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Period: 427 BCE to 347 BCE
Plato
Music education proponent, believed music was for all and led to responsible citizens in community -
Period: 384 BCE to 322 BCE
Aristotle
Proponent of music as worthy leisure activity but believed only a few should be trained as music professionals -
Period: 400 to 1400
Middle Ages
Music notation emerged and revolutionized music - new emphasis on music reading in educational practices -
Period: to
Comenius
Fought against notion of child depravity and inspired child-centered movement in education -
Plymouth Rock
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Bay Psalm Book
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Period: to
New England education laws
1642 - educate kids
1647 - make a school when towns grow big enough (Old Deluder Satan Law)
1648 - school tax, establish curriculum (no music) -
Period: to
Singing schools
Early 1700s until today (though decline around Civil War) Old Way (rote) vs. Regular Way (note)
Ministers were tired of terrible congregational singing, so singing schools developed as a social activity as well as a means of teaching hymns by note
Traveling singing masters
Tunebooks became standardized over time -
Period: to
Pestalozzi
Swiss educator who influenced many American educators like Lowell Mason, believed in sensory experience before abstract theory...also "love and understanding" approach -
Period: to
Froebel
Created kindergarten -
Period: to
Lowell Mason
"Father" of American school of singing
Created Manual of Boston Academy which was used nationwide to teach music reading via drills with syllables -
Period: to
Herbert Spencer
Influenced "scientific" method of teaching (i.e. testing) -
First music convention
In New Hampshire
Singing schools led to singing societies, which led to music conventions -
Boston Academy of Music
Trying to get vocal music into schools -
Period: to
Theodore Thomas
Touring violinist/conductor who was model for high school orchestras and "Old World" music -
Period: to
G. Stanley Hall
Pioneer in child-study movement w/ John Dewey -
NTA
National Teachers Association -
AAAE
American Association for the Advancement of Education (Horace Mann) -
NTA + AAAE merger
Now the new NTA -
Period: to
John Dewey
Pioneer in child-study movement w/ G. Stanley Hall -
Graded music series
Publishers started standardizing the way music was taught in the 1860s -
Period: to
Frances Elliott Clark
Early advocate for music appreciation, used emerging technology such as phonograph and radio -
NASS
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NTA dept SS
Social Services -
MTNA
Music Teachers National Association (Theodore Presser) -
NEA dept of art
National Education Association -
Music education survey
First one in 1886, around 250 schools teaching music
Second one in 1889, showed increases -
Nathan Hale School Orchestra
...in Connecticut
Jesse Clark Orchestra in Kansas -
Will Earhart High School Orchestra
Richmond, Indiana
One of the first to have complete instrumentation -
First marching band
A.A. Harding...first band to form letters/words -
EARTHQUAKE
in CA, disrupted education conferences -
Keokuk, IA
Papa Haydn - origin of NAfME -
MSNC
Music Supervisors National Conference -
HS music credit
HS music classes awarded credit
1 for courses and 1/2 for rehearsals -
Joseph Maddy
First supervisor of instrumental music -
Period: to
PEA
Progressive Education Association
7 principles:
1. Freedom to develop naturally
2. Interest as motive to work
3. Teacher as guide, not taskmaster
4. Scientific study of student dev.
5. Greater attention to physical dev.
6. Cooperation between school/home
7. Prog. school as leader -
Richmond High School Orchestra
Joseph Maddy's orchestra at 1922 MSNC meeting led to creation of Committee on Instrumental Affairs -
The Universal Teacher
Joseph Maddy/Thaddeus Giddings wrote one of the first method books to teach all instruments -
Repertoire List
Instrumental Affairs Committee provided this list as they governed music contests (after war, manufacturers needed new clients) -
Violin Class Method
Albert Mitchell brought British violin method back to Boston (Maidstone movement) and wrote this book -
NHSO
National High School Orchestra perform for superintendents in Dallas -
Period: to
Music Appreciation Hour
Walter Damrosch introduced students to the "Great Masters" -
Ratings replaced rankings
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MENC
Music Educators National Conference -
Brown v. Board of Education
Integration -
Sputnik
Cold War led to reprioritizing of curriculum...music down, STEM up -
Woods Hole Conference
Scientists advocated for arts -
Period: to
Aesthetic movement
Charles Leohnard and Allan Britton were early leaders in this movement to stop touting music's utilitarianism and focus on its uniqueness...paired well with conceptual learning movement
Criticized for focus on Western music -
Yale Seminar
School music sucks (says non-educators) -
CMP
Contemporary Music Project...tried to get more music educators to be receptive to modern music and have living composers do residencies
Also led to Comprehensive Musicianship movement, which broadened teacher training to include many things such as history, analysis, ear training, cultural studies, interdisciplinary studies, etc.
Ended in 1973 -
Julliard Rep. Project
K-6 repertory -
Civil Rights Act
Pres. Johnson -
Comprehensive Musicianship
Manhattan music curriculum
Hawaii music curriculum
Jerome Bruner - spiral curriculum - conceptual -
ESEA
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
"War on Poverty" -
Tanglewood Symposium
- Maintain music's integrity as an art
- Multicultural curriculum including popular music
- Education before/after k-12
- Senior High
- Technology
- Individual needs/potentials
- Overcoming social problems like in inner city
- Equip music teachers w/ better resources/knowledge
-
GO Project
Came out of Tanglewood -
Title IX
-
The School Music Program:
(Descriptions and Standards)
National Commission on Instruction put this out as a result of the GO Project...set the bar for teachers nationwide -
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act -
SAT scores falling
-
A Nation At Risk
Reagan years -
Music Matters:
(A New Philosophy of Music Education) by David Elliott
Pioneer in praxialism...participating in music..."musicing" and "flow experiences" -
NCLB
No Child Left Behind -
NAfME
National Association for Music Education -
ESSA
Every Student Succeeds Act