-
455
Rome saked by Vandals
-
Period: 590 to 604
Development of the Gregorian Chant
-
695
Development of organum
Organum is an early form of counterpoint -
Period: 751 to 768
Pepin the Short
Pepin the Short is the king of the Franks -
Period: 768 to 814
Charlemagne and his Empire
(Charles the Great) -
Period: 850 to 1000
Carolingian Period
-
903
Creation of “square notation”
Pope Pius X proclaimed modern editions created by the monks of Solesmes as the official Vatican editions. -
Period: 1000 to 1300
Medieval period
-
Period: 1000 to 1300
Ars Antiqua
(old art) -
1025
Guido of Arezzo invented musical notation
-
1050
Gregorian chant is superseded by polyphonic singing.
-
1050
The harp appears in Europe
-
1066
The First Crusade
-
1066
Battle of Hastings
Battle of Hastings depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry which we associate with feudalism -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard von Bingen- Abbess, scholar, visionary, poet, musician, healer, spiritual leader, who herself was a nun with reported mystical powers, began composing music different from the Notre Dame school.
Von Bingen wrote music that sounded wildly different than plainchant, which some attributed to her lack of musical training. Her melodies, even today, seem contemporary. -
1125
The First troubadours appear in France
-
1136
Construction begins on Notre Dame in Paris.
-
1150
Gothic Architecture
-
1150
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernard de Ventadorn- a professional trouvere,
famous during his lifetime
favorite singer of Eleanor of Aquitaine -
1163
Leonin
-
1200
Do-it-yourself cymbals as a musical instrument
-
1200
Perotin
-
Period: 1237 to 1286
Adam de la Halle
Adam de la Halle- the most famous troubadour ever.
Wrote the first-ever musical theater piece Le Jeu de Robin et Marion. The inventor of the Motet. Motet - a piece of music where two or more different verses are fit together simultaneously, without regard to harmony -
1250
Rhythmic notation
Franco proposes a system of dots and stems that give relative durations to notes -
1250
early motet
General Characteristics:
3 voice,
2 texts on similar topics,
Texts in Latin or French or both,
The tenor became a cantus firmus after ca. 1270,
The term designates any pre-existing melody.
More independence from chant required new rhythmic notation. -
1270
The Cantigas de Santa Maria of Alfonso the Wise
420 poems with musical notation, written in the medieval Galician-Portugese language, though coming from the court of Castile -
1280
Franconian Notation
described by Franco of Cologne in his Ars cantus mensurabilis -
Period: 1291 to 1361
Philippe de Vitry
Poet, composer, church canon, administrator. Important innovations in notating rhythm -
Period: 1300 to 1450
Ars nova
Declared by composer Philippe de Vitry(1316),
based on new techniques of notating rhythm which ALLOWED DUPLE SUBDIVISION OF THE BEAT,
leading Ars Nova composer is Machaut -
Period: 1300 to 1377
Guillaume de Machaut
A poet & a musician.
Created the first Ordinary for the Catholic Mass.
Created many of the musical forms of today (rondos and ballades). Master of counterpoint -
1325
Beginning of using pedals at the organ.
-
1325
The Mass of Tournai.
The first polyphonic mass appears. -
Period: 1325 to 1397
Francesco Landini
-
1340
The first published musical works
Guillaume de Machaut, who was the first to publish musical works, becomes a canon of the Cathedral of Reims in France -
Period: 1347 to 1352
Black Death
Plague rages in Europe; the population is shrinking -
1360
The first clavichords and harpsichords appear
-
Period: 1378 to 1417
Great Schism
-
1431
Joan of Arc executed by English
-
1437
John Dunstable uses counterpoint in a piece of music
-
1453
Fall of Constantinople
-
1454
Gutenberg invents the printing press.
-
1465
The first printed pieces of music appear
-
1490
Ballet appears at the courts of Italian rulers
-
1492
Columbus's first voyage to the New World
