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3000 BCE
Lute
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500 BCE
maracas
percussion,Central chile,brazil,africa,https://artsphere.org/maraca/#:~:text=Some%20sources%20say%20these%20were,by%20the%20Brazilian%20Tupinamb%C3%A1%20people. -
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1485
Renaissance song#1
josquin des prez. Work title: Ave Maria. Style:sacred https://open.spotify.com/track/4jBN4DRgwU54LU6zSlfCVm -
Period: 1490 to Oct 18, 1545
John Taverner
(Renaissance)English/British. He was known for his sacred works. His music was influenced by Roman catholisim yet he influenced artists like thomas tallis and Orlando de Lassus. He made mostly sacred music and mass music. Some of his major works include:Ikon of light, the protecting veil, and veil of the temple.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Taverner
https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/t/ta-tn/john-taverner/
https://musicianguide.com/biographies/1608003910/John-Tavener.html -
1501
Chello
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1501
Traingle
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1538
Renaissance song#3
Jacques arcadelt. Work title: bianco e dolce cigno. Style:secular https://open.spotify.com/track/33omoLPUPl3fk6WSlZlPzZ -
Period: 1557 to
Thomas Morley
(Renaissance)English/British. He influenced composers like William Byrd, Henry Purcell,Thomas Weelkes and the development of English vocal music. His major works consisted of services (primary music of the Anglican liturgy), anthems, motets, and psalm.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Morley
https://www.sjmp.com/person/thomas-morley
https://study.com/academy/lesson/thomas-morley-biography-songs-music.html -
Period: 1557 to
Giovanni Gabrieli
(renaissance)Italian. He influenced composers like Johann Sebastian Bach, Heinrich schutz and more.He also impacted the development of instrumental music. His music work consists of Concerti, Sacrae Symphoniae and more sacred music.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giovanni-Gabrieli
https://robertgreenbergmusic.com/music-history-monday-giovanni-gabrieli-and-the-miracle-that-is-venice/
https://classicalmusiconly.com/composer/giovanni-gabrieli/works -
Period: May 9, 1567 to
Claudio Monteverdi
(Baroque)Italian composer, was influenced by Giaches de Wert- .britannica.com/biography/Claudio-Monteverdi
His music changed the opera genre.-eno.org/composers/claudio-monteverdi/#:~:text=Monteverdi%20is%20known%20for%20redefining,a%20cornerstone%20of%20Western%20music.
His notable works include:
Vespro della Beata Vergine, ,
Madrigals, Book 5 (Il Quinto Libro de Madrigali), SV ,
L'Orfeo, SV 31-classicalmusiconly.com/composer/claudio-monteverdi/works
britannica.com/biography/Claudio-Monteverdi -
1570
Renaissance song #2
Thomas Tallis. Work title: Spem in alium. Style: scared,choral https://open.spotify.com/track/26nEbd5S5IG0nvcAPXFoOn -
Period: to
Orlando Gibbons
(Renaissance) English/British. He influenced other comporsers like Thomas Tomkins, henrypurcel, and the English choral music overall. He was a keyboard player and known for sacred music. His major works include, The silver swan, O Clap Your Hands Together, and This Is the Record of John.
www.britannica.com/biography/Orlando-Gibbons
www.miketruesdell.com/blog/gibbons
www.englandcast.com/2018/06/the-music-of-orlando-gibbons-2/
libcat.colorado.edu/Author/Home?author=Gibbons%2C+Orlando%2C+1583-1625 -
Renaissance song #2
Giovanni Gabrieli. Work title: Canzon septimi Toni. Style: instrumental. https://open.spotify.com/track/2Qxs3wQRrTM9PlsC8f5aPC -
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Baroque song #3
Jean Baptiste Lully. Work title:Le bourgeois gentilhomme. Style:baroque.
https://open.spotify.com/track/7KHG8MHzxAv0YnLFBWY9Y1 -
Period: to
George Frideric Handel
(baroque)German born-English composer,He was influenced by oratorios, opera, etc. He influenced composers like Arcangelo Corelli and Alessandro Scarlatti.-
britannica.com/biography/George-Frideric-Handel/Music
His major works include oratorios like,"messiah", operas like, "Rinaldo" etc. -www.eno.org/composers/george-frideric-handel/#:~:text=His%20most%20famous%20oratorio%2C%20Messiah,a%20mature%20and%20reflective%20style.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Frideric-Handel/Music -
Period: to
Johann Sebastian Bach
(Baroque)He was born in germany, was influenced by Italian composers/music He had organ works,Orchestral and chamber music, and Cantatas.;https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-musicapp-medieval-modern/chapter/johann-sebastian-bach/
he influenced South German composers,North German composers, and Italian clavierists.-https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-musicapp-medieval-modern/chapter/johann-sebastian-bach/#:~:text=J.C.%20Bach%20exposed%20him%20to,Marais%3B%20and%20the%20Italian%20clavierist -
Period: to
Domenico Scarlatti
(baroque)Italian, He influenced a new unique rhythm/sound now referred to Iberian Baroque- https://www.baroque.org/baroque/composers#:~:text=While%20in%20Weimar%2C%20Bach%20also,particularly%20influenced%20by%20Vivaldi's%20concertos.
his major work consist of operas, sonatas, and oratorios and scared music.-https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/s/sa-sn/domenico-scarlatti2/#:~:text=Italian%20composer%20Domenico%20Scarlatti%20(1685,harpsichord%2C%20written%20originally%20as%20exercises. -
Baroque song #2
Henry Purcell. Work title: dido and Aeneas. Style:opera
.https://open.spotify.com/track/40aAUNIVZTORyMDkyD3Pkd -
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baroque song#1
Antonio Vivaldi. Work title: The four seasons. Style: Baroque. https://open.spotify.com/track/4LTGZ03qAt7ZQ1Pqk97vgZ -
Period: to
Classical style
This style includes clear melodies and good structures. There are 3 parts that created this; Simplicity,Classism, and Increased accessibility. The increased accessibility made Classical era music somewhat more elegant for others.The classism makes it aimed to simplicity, celebration of humanity. The simplicity makes it more simpler than the baroque music. The main composers of this style are Haydn, Schubert, and Ludwig van Beethoven and more.
masterclass.com/articles/classical-era-music-guide -
Period: to
Symphonic form
This is what is used in symphonies. There are 4 movements to this; Fast,Slow,Dance like, and fast again. The fast in the beginning is usually used in Sonata form while the last fast is to end it. The slow one is to contrast the fast at the start. The third one is to make the mood more calmer/lighter. Prominent composers of this include, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvorak.
masterclass.com/articles/symphony-music-guide
key-notes.com/blog/sonata-form-and-symphonic-form
dbratman.net/sonata.html -
Period: to
Sonata form
Sonata form is a way to categorize music. It has 3 parts; the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation.The exposition is when the points are shown. One is the main and the other is different. The devlepment is when those points are explored and changed. The recapitulation is when the main points are returned. Prominate composers to this style were, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. This also evolved from the baroque era.
britannica.com/art/sonata-form
ciximusic.com/guide-to-sonata-form -
Period: to
wolfgang amadeus mozart
(classical) Austrian composer.He was known as a rare musician and a child prodigy. He composed over 600 works. which mostly were opera and symphonies.-https://www.operaphila.org/whats-on/on-stage-2016-2017/figaro/composer/
He was a composer that greatly impacted music and what it is today. He influenced other big artists like beethoven, Johannes Brahms,etc. -https://www.radioart.com/blog/the-enduring-influence-of-mozart-s-music-on-society -
Period: to
Ludwig van Beethoven
(classical) German composer. He influenced composers like Felix Mendelssohn,Johannes Brahms,Hector Berlioz and more. He also left a huge impact on how western music is today. -britannica.com/biography/Ludwig-van-Beethoven/Early-influenceshttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Ludwig-van-Beethoven
His major works include opera,concerto,piano sonata,etc. Some of his works are Archduke Trio,Kreutzer Violin Sonata, and more.-https://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/best-pieces-ever-written/ -
Classical song#1
Mozart, Work title: Great G minor symphony. Style:Orchestral, classical https://open.spotify.com/track/2K4li6gzDcFNkCtNfjMSsi -
Classical song #2
Joseph Haydn. Work title: The creation Style: Oratorio
https://open.spotify.com/track/35lJIkXrkQIKm7dHPyleFQ -
Period: to
Fanny Mendelssohn
(romantic)German. Her major works include piano, many lieder (art songs),oratorios, etc. She was also one of the first female composer. She influenced her brother(Felix Mendelssohn), Woman in music, and overall the German romance music.
.britannica.com/biography/Fanny-Mendelssohn
.loc.gov/item/ihas.200156440/#:~:text=In%20being%20among%20the%20first,traditionally%20male%2Ddominated%20artistic%20profession.
https://cso.org/experience/article/3584/fanny-mendelssohn-hensel-finally-moves-out-of -
Period: to
Franz Liszt
(romantic)Hungarian.His works vary from 12 symphonic poems, two (completed) piano concerti, several sacred choral works, and a great variety of solo piano pieces. He influenced Hungarian music by introducing it, Richard Wagner,Orchestral composition and more. His music varies from piano entudes to synphonic poems.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Liszt
https://etudemagazine.com/etude/1902/05/liszt-as-a-musical-influence.html
https://www.classicfm.com/composers/liszt/best-pieces-music/ -
Period: to
Frédéric Chopin
(classical)Polish. He influenced/changed the way the piano was played, he also influenced people like Franz Liszt and Sergei. His top works include solo pianos ,sonatas and more.
kvno.org/blog/frederic-chopin-changing-the-course-of-classical-music/#:~:text=He%20wrote%20piano%20music%20that,works%20used%20any%20other%20instruments.
www.worldhistory.org/Frederic_Chopin/#:~:text=Chopin's%20compositions%2C%20particularly%20their%20often,Rachmaninoff%20(1873%2D1943) -
Period: to
Richard Wagner
(romantic)German.He influenced the development of classical music and what it is today. He also influenced artists like Friedrich Nietzsche, Arnold Schoenberg, George Bernard Shaw, and more. His work consites of opera and orchestral music.
https://www.richard-wagner.org/rwvi/en/about-wagner/the-man/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Wagner-German-composer
https://guides.library.yale.edu/c.php?g=525668&p=4810780#:~:text=All%20throughout%20his%20work%20as,a%20total%20work%20of%20art. -
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Period: to
Clara Schumann
(romantic)German. She influenced/inspired composers like Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Felix Mendelssohn and Franz Liszt. Her work mostly consisted of piano pieces. Her best pieces include 6 Lieder, Op.13, Piano Trio in G minor, and more.
https://lmcseattle.org/event/program-tba-6/#:~:text=A%20brilliant%20concert%20pianist%20and,Felix%20Mendelssohn%20and%20Franz%20Liszt.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clara-Schumann
classicfm.com/composers/schumann-c/clara-best-pieces-of-music/ -
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Romantic song #1
Frederic Chopin. Work title: Nocturne in e flat major op 9 no 2. Style: piano solo, romantic. https://open.spotify.com/track/6qUjY7JsuQYxn99qfOAQyB -
piccolo
woodwinds, Western europe, https://artsphere.org/piccolo-2/#:~:text=The%20piccolo%20originated%20in%20Western,in%20the%20year%20of%201832. -
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Romantic songs #3
Giuseppe Verdi. Work title: la traviata. Style:opera. https://open.spotify.com/track/2zGVfygrdGVKCZ54sxCaQH -
Period: to
Claude Debussy
(classical)French. He influenced composers like Maurice ravel, Oliver Messiaen and impacted modern music with his ideas.He was influenced by Russian composers.
His hits vary from opera to piano solos. newyorker.com/magazine/2018/10/29/the-velvet-revolution-of-claude-debussy
britannica.com/biography/Claude-Debussy
kennedy-center.org/education/resources-for-educators/classroom-resources/media-and-interactives/artists/debussy-claude/ classicfm.com/composers/debussy/best-pieces-classical-music/ -
Classical song #3
Johann Strauss. Work title: The Blue Danube. Style: romantic
https://open.spotify.com/track/4TAIJ3Z6vDok9a6fPlfwvQ -
Period: to
Arnold schoenberg
(20th) Austrian. He was influenced by romanticism and by Wagner. Then he started to get into western classical music. His notable works include , Suite for piano, string quartlet and more.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Arnold-Schoenberg
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/03/18/how-arnold-schoenberg-changed-hollywood -
Romantic song #2
Pyotr Tchaikovsky.Work title:swan lake. Style: ballet.
https://open.spotify.com/track/2xizRhme7pYeITbH1NLLGt -
Period: to
Igor stravinsky
(20th)Russian. He was influenced by Russian composers and folk music. His notable works include The firebird, symphony of palms, and more.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Igor-Stravinsky
https://www.pnb.org/repertory/igor-stravinsky/ -
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impressionism
This is used to create an unusual mood. It's not what you would call"traditional"/ Prominent composers of this are Debussy and Ravel. -
20th century song#2
Claude Debussy. Work title:
Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. Style:impressionism. https://open.spotify.com/track/3xGPS59RhE5dNB3yPcMeL6 -
minimalism
this is more short and repeated patterns. This is to create a more consistent feeling. Composers that use this alot include Steve Reich and Philip glass. -
expressionism
This gives more intense and strong moods. It's more of rushed and not calm. Prominent composers are Arnold Schoenberg and alban berg, -
Period: to
dmitri shostakovich
(20th) Russian.He was influenced by the Soviet union and and his environment. His music is a projection of how he feels and thinks. His notable works include: Piano trio No2, Symphony no5, and more.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dmitri-Shostakovich
https://www.classicfm.com/composers/shostakovich/guides/dmitri-shostakovich-life/ -
Period: to
Oliver Messaien
(20th)French. He was influenced by Indian rhythm and birdsong. He was also influenced by catholic faith. His notable works include: Eclairs sur i'au-dela and quartet for the end of time.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olivier-Messiaen
https://www.oliviermessiaen.org/ -
20th century song #1
Arnold Schoenberg. Work title:Pierrot lunaire. Style expressionism. https://open.spotify.com/track/3Y20te0LPl7TbVgtufN28A -
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20th century song#3
Steve Reich. Work title:Music for 18 Musicians Style:minimalism https://open.spotify.com/track/3qeXCVaC4tO4gS2aPdlRmc
