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14,999 BCE
Harp
The harp is one of the oldest stringed instruments. From its origins, the harp was a sacred instrument that allowed priests and priestesses to communicate with the gods. In tombs in Mesopotamia there is evidence of harps in the 5th century BC. It then had between 5 and 7 strings. Made in the ancient Mediterranean and the Middle East. -
5500 BCE
drums
Drums were with us from the dawn of mankind, making them one of the oldest musical instruments in the world. Originally, they were natural objects that could be hit, but real drums were later developed with membranes made of animal skin -
3100 BCE
lute
The lute is a musical instrument that was most popular in 15th and 16th century Europe. The definition of a lute is a stringed instrument having a large pear-shaped body, a vaulted back, a fretted fingerboard, and a head with tuning pegs which is often angled backward from the neck. Made in ancient Mesopotamia -
3000 BCE
bell
A bell is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. -
1650 BCE
oboe
The oboe is a medium-high sounding instrument that requires lots of air pressure to make a good sound! It uses a tiny “double reed” which is usually handmade by the player! The oboe is made out of wood and metal and gets bigger at the lower end, where it flares into the bell! -
1501 BCE
cello
Cello is a shortened form of the Italian word violoncello, which means 'small large violin. ' The cello is said to be the second-largest bowed string instrument in the world after the double bass. The oldest cello that exists to date is known as The King -
1501 BCE
gulitar
The First Guitar was Created in Ancient Egypt
It had a place with an artist of the time known as Har-Mose and was produced using cleaned cedar with a rawhide soundboard, included three strings, and even had a plectrum gadget appended to the instrument by means of horse hair cord. -
1500 BCE
trumpet
It's bent into a paper clip shape, but if it were stretched out, it would be 6.5 feet long -
900 BCE
flute
A flute dating back to approximately 900 B.C. was found in China and called a ch'ie. To date, the oldest flutes have been found in the Swabian Alps region of Germany, and are said to have been from about 43,000 to 35,000 years ago. Made i Germany -
300 BCE
organ
The Greek engineer Ctesibius of Alexandria is credited with inventing the organ in the 3rd century BC. He devised an instrument called the hydraulis, which delivered a wind supply maintained through water pressure to a set of pipes. The hydraulis was played in the arenas of the Roman Empire. made in ancient Greece -
1450
trombone
A standard trombone is made of long, slender metal tubing. Two U-shaped tubes are linked at opposite ends to form an “S.” One tube slides into the other so the overall length of tubing can be extended or shortened at will. If you add up all the tubing, the trombone is around 9 feet long. -
1450
3 notable songs from the the Renaissance era
Thomas Tallis - "Spem in alium" (Motet for 40 Voices) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3FJxDsa-5k -
1450
3 notable songs from the the Renaissance era
William Byrd - "Mass for Four Voices" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXeT2HWpwc4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrjF3w7x-w4 -
1450
3 notable songs from the the Renaissance era
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina - "Missa Papae Marcelli" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrjF3w7x-w4 -
1450
Composer: Josquin des Prez
Renaissance era
Country of Origin: France
Notable Works: "Missa Pange Lingua," "Ave Maria...virgo serena," "El grillo"
Interesting Fact: Josquin des Prez was one of the most influential composers of the Renaissance era. He worked in various courts across Europe and his compositions were highly regarded for their complexity and emotional depth. He is known for his use of imitation, where different voices imitate each other, creating a rich and layered texture in his music. -
Period: 1450 to 1521
Composer: Josquin des Prez
Renaissance era
Country of Origin: France
Notable Works: "Missa Pange Lingua," "Ave Maria...virgo serena," "El grillo"
Interesting Fact: Josquin des Prez was one of the most influential composers of the Renaissance era. He worked in various courts across Europe and his compositions were highly regarded for their complexity and emotional depth. He is known for his use of imitation, where different voices imitate each other, creating a rich and layered texture in his music. -
Period: 1450 to
3 notable songs from the the Renaissance era
- Thomas Tallis - "Spem in alium" (Motet for 40 Voices) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3FJxDsa-5k
- William Byrd - "Mass for Four Voices" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXeT2HWpwc4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrjF3w7x-w4
- Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina - "Missa Papae Marcelli" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrjF3w7x-w4
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1501
violin
Modern violins are usually made from spruce or maple wood and are built using over 70 different pieces. -
1505
Composer: Thomas Tallis
Renaissance era
Country of Origin: England
Notable Works: "Spem in alium," "Lamentations of Jeremiah," "If Ye Love Me"
Interesting Fact: Thomas Tallis was an English composer who served under four monarchs during his lifetime, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. He is known for his choral compositions, particularly his motets and anthems. Tallis' most famous work, "Spem in alium," is a forty-part motet that showcases his mastery of polyphony and harmonic richness. -
Period: 1505 to
Composer: Thomas Tallis
Renaissance era
Country of Origin: England
Notable Works: "Spem in alium," "Lamentations of Jeremiah," "If Ye Love Me"
Interesting Fact: Thomas Tallis was an English composer who served under four monarchs during his lifetime, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. He is known for his choral compositions, particularly his motets and anthems. Tallis' most famous work, "Spem in alium," is a forty-part motet that showcases his mastery of polyphony and harmonic richness. -
1511
xylophone
In 1511, it was called “wooden clatter” and later a “straw fiddle” in Europe. Often confused with its cousin the marimba, the xylophone has thick, hardwood bars and elicits much sharper, shorter notes, so the two instruments are often used together for a more varied tone. -
1522
Composer: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Renaissance era
Country of Origin: Italy
Notable Works: "Missa Papae Marcelli," "Sicut cervus," "Stabat Mater"
Interesting Fact: Palestrina is often referred to as the "Prince of Music" due to his significant contributions to sacred music during the Counter-Reformation. His compositions are characterized by their clarity, balance, and smooth polyphonic style. Palestrina's work played a crucial role in shaping the development of Western classical music. -
Period: 1525 to
Composer: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Renaissance era
Country of Origin: Italy
Notable Works: "Missa Papae Marcelli," "Sicut cervus," "Stabat Mater"
Interesting Fact: Palestrina is often referred to as the "Prince of Music" due to his significant contributions to sacred music during the Counter-Reformation. His compositions are characterized by their clarity, balance, and smooth polyphonic style. Palestrina's work played a crucial role in shaping the development of Western classical music. -
3 notable songs about the baroque era
- Johann Sebastian Bach - "Brandenburg Concertos" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWEHKTyaVc0
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3 notable songs about the baroque era
- George Frideric Handel - "Messiah" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RGL--179eU
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3 notable songs about the baroque era
- Antonio Vivaldi - "The Four Seasons" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRxofEmo3HA
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- Prominent Composers from the Baroque Period
- Claudio Monteverdi: Monteverdi was an Italian composer, string player, and choirmaster who is considered a pioneer of opera.
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fun facts for baroque period
- Opera: Opera is known for its dramatic intensity and the virtuosity of the singers.
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Baroque Period
Opera Opera is a dramatic form that combines music singing and acting. It emerged during the Baroque period and quickly became a popular form of entertainment.
-Concerto: A concerto is a musical composition typically composed of three movements, in which one or more solo instruments are accompanied by an orchestra.
- Oratorio: An oratorio is a large-scale musical composition for orchestra and voices, typically a narrative on a religious theme, performed without costumes, scenery, or action. -
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3 notable songs about the baroque era
- Johann Sebastian Bach - "Brandenburg Concertos" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWEHKTyaVc0
- George Frideric Handel - "Messiah" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RGL--179eU
- Antonio Vivaldi - "The Four Seasons" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRxofEmo3HA
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Composer 3: Antonio Vivaldi
baroque era
- Country of Origin: Italy
- Notable Works: "The Four Seasons," "Gloria," "L'estro armonico"
- Interesting Fact: Vivaldi was a virtuoso violinist and composed many concertos for the instrument. His composition style was innovative and influential, particularly in the development of the concerto form. -
Period: to
Composer 3: Antonio Vivaldi
baroque era
- Country of Origin: Italy
- Notable Works: "The Four Seasons," "Gloria," "L'estro armonico"
- Interesting Fact: Vivaldi was a virtuoso violinist and composed many concertos for the instrument. His composition style was innovative and influential, particularly in the development of the concerto form. -
Composer 1: Johann Sebastian Bach
baroque era
Country of Origin: Germany
- Notable Works: "Brandenburg Concertos," "Mass in B Minor," "The Well-Tempered Clavier"
- Interesting Fact: Bach came from a family of musicians and was known for his exceptional skills as an organist. He composed over 1,000 works in his lifetime. -
Composer 2: George Frideric Handel
baroque era
Country of Origin: Germany (later became a British citizen)
- Notable Works: "Messiah," "Water Music," "Music for the Royal Fireworks"
- Interesting Fact: Handel was a prolific composer who wrote operas, oratorios, and instrumental music. His work "Messiah" remains one of the most famous and frequently performed choral works in Western music. -
Period: to
Composer 1: Johann Sebastian Bach
baroque era
Country of Origin: Germany
- Notable Works: "Brandenburg Concertos," "Mass in B Minor," "The Well-Tempered Clavier"
- Interesting Fact: Bach came from a family of musicians and was known for his exceptional skills as an organist. He composed over 1,000 works in his lifetime. -
Period: to
Composer 2: George Frideric Handel
baroque era
Country of Origin: Germany (later became a British citizen)
- Notable Works: "Messiah," "Water Music," "Music for the Royal Fireworks"
- Interesting Fact: Handel was a prolific composer who wrote operas, oratorios, and instrumental music. His work "Messiah" remains one of the most famous and frequently performed choral works in Western music. -
clarinet
The versatile clarinet is one of the few instruments that can be comfortable in a classical wind ensemble or a big band jazz group. The clarinet's wide spectrum of sounds goes from mellow low to bright high notes, which makes the clarinet a very dynamic instrument and a joy to play -
piano
The piano is considered both a string and percussion instrument because it produces sound by striking strings with hammers. There are 18 million non-professional piano players in the U.S. alone. A typical piano has about 12,000 parts, 10,000 of which are moving. -
sitar
The sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in the 18th century. Today it is the dominant instrument in Hindustani music; it is used as a solo instrument with tambura (drone-lute) and tabla (drums) and in ensembles, as well as for northern Indian kathak (dance-dramas). Made in india -
bossoon
Early bassoons were made out of harder woods, but the modern instrument is typically made of maple. One of the precursors to the bassoon, the dulcian, was made out of a single piece of wood. A double reed is used to play the bassoon, which is made out of a cane called an arundo donax -
3 notable songs about the Classical era
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - "Eine kleine Nachtmusik" (A Little Night Music) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVTXlRxVdEY
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3 notable songs about the Classical era
2.Ludwig van Beethoven - "Symphony No. 5 in C Minor" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2qW6fOtAMY -
3 notable songs about the Classical era
3.Franz Joseph Haydn - "Symphony No. 94 in G Major" (Surprise Symphony) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI -
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fun facts about the classical period
- Symphony: The Classical symphony is characterized by clarity, balance, and form.
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Classical Period styles
- Symphony: A symphony is a musical composition for orchestra, typically in four movements, that developed during the Classical period.
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prominent composers from the classical period
- Franz Joseph Haydn: Haydn was an Austrian composer known as the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String Quartet."
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3 notable songs about the Classical era
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - "Eine kleine Nachtmusik" (A Little Night Music) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVTXlRxVdEY
- Ludwig van Beethoven - "Symphony No. 5 in C Minor" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2qW6fOtAMY
- Franz Joseph Haydn - "Symphony No. 94 in G Major" (Surprise Symphony) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI
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Composer: Franz Joseph Haydn
classical era
Country of Origin: Austria
Notable Works: Symphony No. 94 (Surprise Symphony), The Creation, String Quartet Op. 76 No. 3 (Emperor)
Interesting Fact: Haydn is often called the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String Quartet." He composed over 100 symphonies and greatly influenced the development of classical music. Haydn also had a close friendship with Mozart and taught Beethoven. -
Period: to
Composer: Franz Joseph Haydn
classical era
Country of Origin: Austria
Notable Works: Symphony No. 94 (Surprise Symphony), The Creation, String Quartet Op. 76 No. 3 (Emperor)
Interesting Fact: Haydn is often called the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String Quartet." He composed over 100 symphonies and greatly influenced the development of classical music. Haydn also had a close friendship with Mozart and taught Beethoven. -
Composer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
classical era
Country of Origin: Austria
Notable Works: Symphony No. 40, Piano Concerto No. 21, The Marriage of Figaro
Interesting Fact: Mozart was a child prodigy who composed his first symphony at the age of 8. He composed over 600 works in his short life and is considered one of the greatest composers of all time. -
Period: to
Composer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
classical era
Country of Origin: Austria
Notable Works: Symphony No. 40, Piano Concerto No. 21, The Marriage of Figaro
Interesting Fact: Mozart was a child prodigy who composed his first symphony at the age of 8. He composed over 600 works in his short life and is considered one of the greatest composers of all time. -
Composer: Ludwig van Beethoven
ROMANTIC ERA
- Country of Origin: Germany
- Notable Works: Symphony No. 9, Piano Sonata No. 14 "Moonlight Sonata", Symphony No. 5
- Interesting Fact: Beethoven is considered a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras. He continued to compose even after he became deaf, and his music is known for its emotional intensity and innovative use of form. -
Composer: Ludwig van Beethoven
classical era
Country of Origin: Germany
Notable Works: Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 9, Moonlight Sonata
Interesting Fact: Beethoven began losing his hearing in his late twenties, but he continued to compose some of his most famous works even when he was completely deaf. His Ninth Symphony is considered a masterpiece and includes the famous "Ode to Joy" chorus.he was also in the classical and the romantic period -
Period: to
Composer: Ludwig van Beethoven
ROMANTIC ERA
- Country of Origin: Germany
- Notable Works: Symphony No. 9, Piano Sonata No. 14 "Moonlight Sonata", Symphony No. 5
- Interesting Fact: Beethoven is considered a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras. He continued to compose even after he became deaf, and his music is known for its emotional intensity and innovative use of form. -
Period: to
Composer: Ludwig van Beethoven
classical era
Country of Origin: Germany
Notable Works: Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 9, Moonlight Sonata
Interesting Fact: Beethoven began losing his hearing in his late twenties, but he continued to compose some of his most famous works even when he was completely deaf. His Ninth Symphony is considered a masterpiece and includes the famous "Ode to Joy" chorus.he was also in the classical and the romantic period -
3 notable about the Romantic era:
- Johannes Brahms - "Symphony No. 4 in E Minor" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckuUq7im8H4
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3 notable about the Romantic era:
- Frédéric Chopin - "Nocturne in E-flat Major, Op. 9, No. 2" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9E6b3swbnWg
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3 notable about the Romantic era:
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - "Swan Lake" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rJoB7y6Ncs
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fun facts about romantic period
- Program Music: Program music often tells a story or describes a scene, using music to evoke emotions and images.
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3 notable about the Romantic era:
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - "Swan Lake" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rJoB7y6Ncs
- Johannes Brahms - "Symphony No. 4 in E Minor" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckuUq7im8H4
- Frédéric Chopin - "Nocturne in E-flat Major, Op. 9, No. 2" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9E6b3swbnWg
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Romantic Period styles
- Program Music: Program music is a type of instrumental music that attempts to musically render an extra-musical narrative.
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romantic period prominent composer
- Hector Berlioz: Berlioz was a French composer known for his innovative orchestration and his use of program music.
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Richard Wagner
ROMANTIC ERA
Wilhelm Richard Wagner German 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director,polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas(or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). -
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Richard Wagner
ROMANTIC ERA
Wilhelm Richard Wagner German 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director,polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas(or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). -
Composer: Frédéric Chopin
ROMANTIC ERA
- Country of Origin: Poland
- Notable Works: Nocturnes, Ballades, Études
- Interesting Fact: Chopin was a virtuoso pianist and primarily composed for the piano. His music is characterized by its poetic and expressive qualities, often drawing inspiration from Polish folk music. -
Period: to
Composer: Frédéric Chopin
ROMANTIC ERA
- Country of Origin: Poland
- Notable Works: Nocturnes, Ballades, Études
- Interesting Fact: Chopin was a virtuoso pianist and primarily composed for the piano. His music is characterized by its poetic and expressive qualities, often drawing inspiration from Polish folk music. -
french horn
Although the horn is an ancient instrument, the French horn wasn't introduced until the seventeenth century. It made its first known debut in the comedy-ballet La Princesse d'Elide in Paris in 1664. It's not actually one piece. Like most instruments, the French horn comes in pieces because of its awkward shape -
saxophone
The saxophone is the only instrument in wide use today that was invented by a single individual -
bass guitar
The longer neck is the main thing that distinguishes the bass guitar and helps produce its specific sound along with the fret. The longer neck results in the string being lower as well and the longer the string the lower the pitch