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476
START OF THE MIDDLE AGE
The Middle Age start with the ending of the Western Roman Empire. -
Period: 476 to 1492
MIDDLE AGE
The Middle Ages started in the year 476 and finished in 1492 -
Period: 600 to 900
Gregorian Chant
-It has a monophony texture, without instrumental accompanient.
-It uses modal scales and is in free time.
-The text is in Latin whith a religious theme.
-It´s performed by male voices and alternates between a soloist and a choir, or between two choirs. -
900
LITURGICAL POLYPHONY
The main medieval liturgical polyphony forms were:
-Organum
-Discantus
-Conductus -
1200
GOLIARDS
Goliards, who were wandering clerics or mendicant students. In the 13 century there were lots of them. -
1300
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
The Catholic Church only allowed the organ in liturgy and no other instruments. -
Period: 1483 to 1546
MARTIN LUTHER
Marin Luther was a German theologian and monk, known for starting the Protestant Reformation in his country. He was also a composer and flautist. -
1500
INSTRUMENTAL FORMS
-COMPOSITIONS BASED ON VOCAL MUSIC:TIENTO
-COMPOSITIONS WITH AN IMPROVISATIONAL FEEL:TOCCATA
-VARIATIONS:DIFERENCIAS -
1500
RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
-MOTET
-MASS
-CHORALE -
Period: 1544 to
MADDALENA CASULANA
The first woman to public her compositions in the history of Western music. -
Period: 1548 to
TOMAS LUIS DE VICTORIA
Tomas Luis de Victoria was a spanish compositor. He was born in Avila and received his first lessons music there. At the age of 19 he traveled to Rome to completed his musical trainer and be one of the best one. -
Period: 1563 to
JOHN DOWLAND
John Dowland was an English composer and lutenist. He was one of the first composers to use melody-dominated homophony and he's famous for his expressive songs for voices and lute. -
Period: to
BASSO CONTINUO
Basso continuo, sometimes just called "continuo", was played by a keyboard instrument and another bass instrument such as cello, violone (an old form of double bass) or bassoon. The keyboard instrument was normally a harpsichord, or, if it was being played in a church, an organ.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BLr7Yt_ehw -
Period: to
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting. The word "song" is widely misused by people in the popular music industry to describe any musical composition, whether sung or played only by instruments. The music is primarily or exclusively produced using musical instruments. -
Period: to
THE BAROQUE ORCHESTA
-BASSO CONTINUO
-STRINGS
-WIND
-PERCUSSION -
Period: to
INSTRUMENTAL FORMS
Fugue Suite
Sonata
Concerto -
Period: to
VOCAL MUSIC
OPERA
Libretto
Opera seria
Opera buffa -
Period: to
RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
Mass
Motet
Polychoralism -
Period: to
BAROQUE MUSIC
Characteristics
The Baroque period saw the creation of common-practice tonality, an approach to writing music in which a song or piece is written in a particular key; this kind of arrangement has continued to be used in almost all Western popular music. During the Baroque era, professional musicians were expected to be accomplished improvisers of both solo melodic lines and accompaniment parts. Baroque concerts were typically accompanied by a basso continuo group -
Period: to
Music in the Classical period
-It was balanced
-Formal perfection and universal beauty
-Musical forms with well-defined structures and smooth transitions between its sections.
-Symmetrical musical phrases
-Simple harmony, clear breacks, precise structure.
-Melody-dominated homophony(Alberti bass) -
MUSIC IN THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
-Waiting to be free from Classical rules and expression emotions
-Aiming for virtuosity
-Using a winder vocabulary
-Using melody-dominated homophony
-Appearing in small musical forms
-Aiming for unity in the piece of music -
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
WOODWING:
-Bass clarinet
-Contrabassoon
-English horn
-Saxofone
BRASS:
-Trombone
-Tuba
PERCUSSION:
-Gong, bass drum, triangle, snare drum, cymbals, marimba, celesta. -
INSTRUMENTAL FORMS
SONATA
TRIO, QUARTET, QUINTET
SYMPHONY
CONCERTO
THE ORCHESTA -
OPERA
CARACTHERISTICS:
-The plots were a closer reflection on the lives of the audience
-Dramatic action and the characters
-The chorus became more revelant
-The orchesta grew and became more important
TYPES OF OPERA
Opera seria
Opera buffa
Religious vocal music -
Period: to
COMPOSITIONS OF PIANO
-Short pieces for solo piano
-Chamber music
-Longer works -
Period: to
SYMPHONIC MUSIC
ORCHESTA, CONCERTO, PROGRAMME MUSIC, PROGRAME SYMPHONY AND POEM -
Period: to
VOCAL MUSIC
OPERA:
Italy; bel canto and verismo
France; grand opera and operetta
Germany; leitmotiv
ZARZUELA:
17th to 19th Francisco Asenjo
LIED:
Robert Schumann -
Period: to
ROMANTIC DANCE AND BALLET
Ballet start in 1832
Ballroom dances
Waltz especially in Viena -
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD IN SPAIN
Juan Crisostomo de Arriaga
Fernando Sor
Luigi Boccherini
Vicente Martin y Soler -
MUSICAL NATIONALISM
-RUSSIA: The Five
-HUNGRART: ETHNOMUSICOLOGY
-SPAIN: Later 20th, Manuel de Falla -
20th CENTURY MUSIC
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EXPRESSIONISM
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MUSIQUE CONCRETE
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ELECTRONIC AND ELECTROACOUSTIC MUSIC
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NEOCLASSICISM
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20th CENTURY IN SPAIN
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ALEATORIC MUSIC
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MINIMAL MUSIC