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1960 BCE
Beginning of Integration in Schools
Ruby Bridges becomes the first African American student to attend William Frantz Elementary School in the first grade. This is monumental as it begins integration in schools, despite the outcome being that all the Caucasian parents removed their children from her class. -
Period: to
Evolution of Multicultural Education
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Bilingual Public Schooling
In response to the large number of Cuban immigrant children arriving in Miami after the Cuban Revolution, Coral Way Elementary School starts the first bilingual and bicultural public school in the United States. -
Head Start
Project Head Start, a preschool education program for children from low-income families, begins as an eight-week summer program. Part of the "War on Poverty," the program continues to this day as the longest-running anti-poverty program in the U.S. -
Title VII
The Bilingual Education Act, also know as Title VII, becomes law. After many years of controversy, the law was later repealed in 2002 and replaced by the No Child Left Behind Act. -
Bilingual Education
The National Association of Bilingual Education is founded. -
Plyler v. Doe
In the case of Plyler v. Doe, the U.S. Supreme Court rules in a 5-4 decision that Texas law denying access to public education for undocumented school-age children violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The ruling also found that school districts cannot charge tuition fees for the education of these children. -
Teach for America formation
Teach for America is formed, reestablishing the idea of a National Teachers Corps. -
No Child Left Behind
The controversial No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is approved by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. The law, which reauthorizes the ESEA of 1965 and replaces the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, mandates high-stakes student testing, holds schools accountable for student achievement levels, and provides penalties for schools that do not make adequate yearly progress toward meeting the goals of NCLB. -
Racial Bias eliminated in High School assignments
In the cases of Parents involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No 1 and Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that race cannot be a factor in assigning students to high schools, thus rejecting integration plans in Seattle and Louisville, and possibly affecting similar plans in school districts around the nation. -
Rise in Diversity
As schools open this fall, a demographic milestone is reached: minority students enrolled in K-12 public school classrooms outnumber non-Hispanic Caucasians.
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