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April 21, 1526,The mongol ruler Genghis Khan defeated the lordi empire of northern indian, one of the first battles to involve gunpowder and field artillery
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The death of bubar leads to difficulties with his son,Humayun
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Some of the nobles instead try to install Humayun's uncle, Mahdi Khwaja, and, though they are defeated, it signals Humayun's weakness. Humayun gains the throne in 1531.
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the leader of the rival Sur dynasty, drives Humayun out of India and seizes power in 1540
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On July 23, 1555, Humayun takes advantage of the deaths of both Sher Shah Suri and his son and successor, Islam Shah.
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On January 27, 1556, shortly after retaking power, Humayun stops for daily prayer in the middle of carrying books down a flight of stairs and trips. He is fatally injured and dies three days later.
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Humayun's son, Akbar, succeeds him under a regent, Bairam Khan, the general who had won victory for his father
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On November 5, 1556, under Bairam Khan, the Mughal army defeats the Surs and solidifies Akbar's control
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On January 31, 1561, under the guidance of his mother and other supporters, Akbar strips Bairam Khan of the regency, and Khan is assassinated on a journey to Mecca
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Dara Shikoh gains power. However, due to his liberal politics, his younger brother, Aurangzeb, allies with conservative Islamic factions to oppose him
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Though Jahangir, Akbar's oldest son, is the declared successor, he impatiently leads a revolt against his father in 1599 while Akbar is occupied in a foreign military campaign. While he is defeated, he still has enough political support from the women in Akbar's harem, including Akbar's mother, to retain his role as successor.
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Jahangir succeeds as emperor, thanks to the immense support of the harem women
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In 1628 Jahangir dies on his way back from a visit to Kashmir and is succeeded by his third son
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In 1632 Shah Jahan begins construction on the Taj Mahal in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The white marble mausoleum is recognized by many as the finest example of Mughal architecture.
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Shah Jahan falls ill in 1658, and his eldest son gains power
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In 1659 Aurangzeb defeats Dara Shikoh and has him executed.
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Aurangzeb's son, Shah Alam, succeeds him in 1707 and tries to undo the disastrous policies of his father, but it is too little, too late. The empire descends into chaos and violent feuds after his death and starts to break up.
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By 1858 the British East India Company has become the protector of the Mughal Empire
