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1950's special needs exclusion
A lot of students with impairments were restricted from attending public schools before the 1950s. Children with additional serious disabilities were either obliged to remain at home or be forced to go to a mental institution. However, court rulings as recently as 1958 found in favor of removing children with impairments from public school education. But the situation eventually changed in favor of advocating for all children's education. -
1971 (PARC) v. (COP)
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The legal basis for prohibiting people with mental disabilities from public education and training was debated. The state was not permitted to refuse any intellectually special child admission to a free public system of education and development. Video:
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1972- Mills v. (BEDC)
1972—Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia. Individuals were categorized as Special by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. This covers people with cognitive intellectual difficulties, as well as those who have problems with behavior. This decision made it illegal for the District of Columbia Board of Education to refuse such students' admission to government-financed schooling. Link to website
Clearinghouse -
Rowley v. (BEHHCSD)
Rowley v. Board of Education Hendrick Hudson Central School District. Amy Rowley was a fifth-grade deaf student who utilized an FM hearing device to hear her teacher speak. She outperformed every other student in her class and communicated effectively with her peers. Even though she might not have succeeded in reaching her full potential and could have received help from an interpreter, the court concluded that P.L. 94-142 required states to give enough. -
Section 504
Section 504 is part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, a federal civil rights law. This law expressly bans unfair treatment of disabled kids and assures them of affordable and appropriate public education. Section 504 discrimination is described as the inability to provide learners who have disabilities with the same chance to gain advantages from educational opportunities, offerings, or events as their nondisabled classmates. -
Education for ALL
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, also known as Public Law 94-142, was enacted in 1975 and mandates all public schools receiving funding from the government to offer the same opportunity of education to students who have physical and/or intellectual disabilities. This cleared the way for what we can now call special education. States must follow the law in order to obtain federal aid for special educational institutions nowadays. -
Handicapped Protection Act
Since the EHA required that every public institution obtaining government support give equal entry to all educational opportunities to special-needs kids, the Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986 was enacted to implement elements that were not included by the EHA. For instance, the EHA makes no mention of the monetary expense relief accessible to parents who win litigation due to EHA violations. -
IDEA
The Public Law 101-476 Renames and replaces P.L. 94-142 (EAHCA). Creates "people-first" terminology for referring to people with impairments. Adds counseling, accessible technology, and recovery programs to special education programs. Standards for equal treatment and privacy for students and parents are expanded. Autism and traumatic brain injury are two emerging kinds of impairment. These are just some of the many advantages that this law provides for special education students. -
Assistive technology act
The Assistive Technology Act, first enacted in 1998, was reauthorized in 2004. It offers assistive technology for individuals with disabilities so that they can engage greater amounts in school, jobs, and everyday life on equal footing with other individuals in the communities they live in. Since technology serves a growing essential part in every aspect of life, from workplace operations to schooling, it affects individuals who have disabilities just as much as the rest of the population. -
No Child Left Behind
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act, also known as the No Child Left Behind Act, was passed in 2001, and it required institutions to hold all children, regardless of disability, responsible for their academic achievement. Each state is required by the act to conduct regular evaluations of students' academic abilities. No Child Left Behind gives schools encouragement to show growth for children who have special needs.