Modern World History ST

By stsakalas
  • 1494

    Italian Wars

    King Charles the 7th invaded Italy and this causes a series of wars for control between France and Spain.
  • Oct 31, 1517

    Martin Luther writes 95 theses

    Luther wrote letters to the catholic church criticizing merchants of indugences which led to religious reform of the Catholic Church.
  • 1524

    Peasant’s War

    New ideas circulated in Germany and the population started to increase, this caused high taxes and lack of power. Peasants got angered by this and stormed the castles and monasteries in rebellion.
  • 1529

    Act of Supremacy in England

    Henry VIII was a devout catholic who needed a divorce (Catholicism doesn't allow divorce). The pope denied the divorce (annulment) so Henry called parliament into session and asked for a set of laws to be passed which would end the Pope's power in England. this was successful
  • 1536

    John Calvin's Institues of the Christian Religion

    John Calvin produced the famous book "Institues of the Christian Religion" which expresses the ideas of God, Human nature, and salvation.
  • 1540

    Jesuit order founded

    After Ignatius of Loyola wrote the book "Spiritual Exercises", Pope Alexander created religious orders for his followers called "Society of Jesus". Members of this society were called Jesuits.
  • 1542

    Start of Roman Inquisition

    The Roman Inquisition was established by the Catholic Church. The purpose of this was to force religious uniformity on converted Jews, Muslims, and Protestants.
  • 1543

    Nicolous Copernicus published Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium

    Nicolous Copernicus published Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
    ideas:
    - Believed that the sun is at rest in the center of the solar system
    - Believed other planets are orbiting around the sun and spinning on their axis
  • 1545

    Council of Trent

    Paul III (a pope) called a council of church leaders to meet in Trent and make up a set of beliefs. Some of them being: Church's interpretation was final (all others wrong), Christians need faith to be saved, and indulgences were a valid expression of faith.
  • 1555

    Peace of Augsburg

    Charles the 5th ordered all protestant and Catholic princes to gather inn Augsburg and each ruler decided the religion of his state.
  • 1558

    Reign of Elizabeth I

    Elizabeth I is the daughter of Henry VIII who started the Anglican Church (open to both Catholics and Protestants). some aspects of the church were: priests of the church allowed to marry, sermons delivered in english (not latin), and rich robes from Catholic services kept.
  • Aug 24, 1572

    St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

    Hatred between catholics and huguenots led to violence. Catholic mobs hunted for Protestants and murdered them. these massacres lasted for 6 months and spread through other cities.

  • Galileo Galilei published Starry messenger

    achievements:
    -G built his own telescope and made observations of the solar system using it.
    - he supported the Coppernican theory

  • Francis Bacon publishes Novum Organum

    Ideas:
    - A better understanding of the world helps scientists improve lives of humans
    - Started empiricism (experimenting and drawing conclusions from them)

  • Rene Descartes published Discourse of Method

    ideas:
    - believed natured of mind and body are completely different from one another and each could exist by itself
    - developed anlytic geometry that linked algebra and geometry

  • Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan

    Ideas:
    - best type of government is a total monarchy (cause it can impose order and demand obedience)
    - creates Social Contract (to escape bleak life, people must give their life to a strong ruler)

  • John Locke published An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

    Ideas:
    - Believed people can learn from experiences and improve themselves
    - His writing led to new theories of education in Europe

  • Baron de Montesquieu published On the Spirit of laws

    ideas:
    - Believed separation of powers would keep individual group from having control/power
    - Created idea of checks and balances

  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract

    ideas-
    - only good government is freely formed by people
    - civilization corrupted people's goodness

  • Volitaire produces The Portable Volitaire

    Ideas:
    - He was known for being "one of the most brilliant and influential"
    - He published more than 70 books on political essays, philosophy, and drama