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1494
Italian Wars
King Charles VII of France invaded Italy and wars went on for a long time. Many different people got involved and they fought over the Italian peninsula. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther's Writes 95 Theses
It was a public stand against Johann Tetzel. This was printed with a printing press and posted throughout the area. It started the Reformation -
1524
Peasant's War
In Germany the peasants were getting angry and stormed the castles. They were angry because of the high taxes and lack of power. -
1534
Act of Supremacy in England
It is where people take an oath declaring they recognize divorce and accepts Henry the 8th instead of the pope. -
1540
Jesuit order founded
The Jesuit order is a religious order to spread Christianity. -
1541
John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion
His ideal government is called a theocracy which is led by religious rulers. He ran the city under very strict rules and when those rules are broken you are killed. -
1542
Start of Roman Inquisition
The Inquisition imposed religious uniformity and used torture so people would follow the laws. They also tried people who were Protestant and people they thought were witches. -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus Published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
He developed the Heliocentric theory, the sun stood at the center of the universe
He assumed the 7 assumptions -
1545
Council of Trent
Council of Trent made Catholic Churches more unified and started Catholic schools. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
It stated that the ruler decides the religion for their area. -
1559
Reign of Elizabeth I
Elizabeth returns England the Protestant and forms the Anglican Church, which is a combination of Catholicism and Protestantism. She makes this Englands official religion. -
1559
Scotland becomes Calvinist
John Knox brings calvinism to Scotland but lightens up the rules. people who follow Knox are known as Presbyterians. -
Sep 24, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
In France on the Catholic feast day of St. Bartholomew, Catholics began hunting Protestants and the massacre spread. 12,000 Huguenots died. -
Edict of Nantes
In France Henry of Navarre became Catholic and created the Edict of Nantes. This Edict gave religious freedom to Protestants. -
Francis Bacon Published The Elements of the Common Laws of England
Understanding the world better would lead to practical knowledge and improve people's lives
The experimental Method -
Galileo Galilei Published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
He uilt the telescope and supported Copernicus' beliefs.b -
René Descartes Published The Discourse on the Method
Developed analytical Geometry
Believed old assumption and teachings should be rejected
relied on mathematics and logic -
Thomas Hobbes Published Leviathan
He believed humans were naturally selfish and wicked.
He believed people had to hand over rights to a strong ruler to escape bleak life. -
John Locke Published Two Treaties of Government
Believed purpose of government is to protect rights and should be overthrown if they fail to do so.
Government power from peoples consent
Everyone is born with three human rights, life, liberty, and property. -
Baron de Montesquieu Published The Spirit of the Laws
Theory of separation of powers
Believed in natural rights -
Voltaire Published Candide
Foot for freedom of religion and speech -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Published The Social Contract
He did not believe that reason, science, and art would improve life.
Believed that civilization corrupted peoples natural goodness.
Ligitimate government came from the consent of the governed.