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1494
italian wars
between France and Spain in order to gain control of Italy and Spain won -
1517
Martin Luthers writes 95 Theses
wrote them to the pope because he was upset about the church -
1524
peasants war
taxes rising after reformation caused peasants to fight back. -
1534
act of supremacy in England
the parliament voted to approve act of suppremecy, this called upon the people to take an oath recognizing henrys divorce and accepting him as the official head of Englands church -
1536
Jhon clavins institute of the christian religion
religious summary of protestant theology, and religious belief -
1540
jesuit order founded
founded by Ignatius of Loyola. sent missionaries to convert people to christianity -
1542
start of the roman inquisition
a agency created to contain the spread of Protestantism -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus published "on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres"
He created the Heliocentric Theory: the sun is in the center of the universe. He also said that the earth is spinning on its axis once a day -
1545
council of trent
they agreed on the catholic doctrines -
1555
peace of Augsburg
religious settlement between princes and King Charles for deciding religion between states -
1558
reign of Elizabeth
She was last monarch of Henry the 8th, brought back rule of pope to church. She created state church that moderate catholics and moderate protestants might both accept -
1560
Scotland becomes calvinist
Jhon knox made calvinism scotlands official religion -
1572
st. Bartholomew's day massacre
catholics did not agree with the huguenots and hunted/killed them for months -
edict of Nantes
law that ended French wars of religion by granting tolerance to Protestantism -
Galileo Galilei published "starry messenger"
He bulit the telescope, and made discoveries about the moon, Jupiters moons, and sun spots. He supported Copernicus, that the sun was in the center of the universe -
Francis Bacon published novum organum
He believed in empiricism (experimental method) people should collect data, experiment, then draw conclusions.
He attacked medieval scholars. -
Rene Descartes published meditations on first philosophy
He developed analytical geometry, which linked algebra and geometry. He believed you must reject old assumptions and teachings -
Voltaire published The lettres of philosophiques
The lettres of philosophiques is a series of letters Voltaire wrote about his experiences living in Great Britain. He published over 70 books about philosophy, political essays and drama. He never stopped fighting for religious freedom, freedom of speech, tolerance and reason. -
Baron De Montesquieu published the spirit of the laws
He believed Britain was the most politically balanced country. He also believed separation of power would keep and individual group from gaining total control of the government.