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Xinhai Revolution
It is known as the Revolution of 1911 or the Chinese Revolution, It was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, and established the Republic of China. -
Sun Yat-Sen as President
Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the Xinhai Revolution. Although he was in St. Louis, Missouri at the time,he was appointed to serve as president of the Provisional Republic of China, when it was founded in 1912. Apparently as well, he later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT), serving as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China.
Lasted as president for 6 weeks. -
Foundation of the Koumitang
Also called the Chinese Nationalist Party, was one of the dominant parties of the early Republic of China, from 1912 onwards, and remains one of the main political parties in modern Taiwan. Ideology was Sun Yat-Sen's ideas of Three Principles of the People(democracy, nationalism, economic security). Wanted to unify the mainland.
The name was changed in 1919. -
Abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China
Puyi (7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. Puyi's abdication in 1912 marked the end of millennia of dynastic rule in China and thus he is known throughout the world by the sobriquet "The Last Emperor" -
Yuan Shikai elected President of the Republic of China
The revolutionaries had elected Sun Yat-Sen as the first Provisional President of the Republic of China, but they were in a weak position militarily, so they negotiated with the Qing, using Yuan as an intermediary. Yuan arranged for the abdication of the child emperor Puyi in return for being granted the position of President. -
Death of Song Jiaoren
He was a Chinese republican revolutionary, political leader and a founder of the Kuomintang (KMT). He was assassinated in 1913 after leading his Kuomintang party to victory in China's first democratic elections. Evidence strongly implied that China's provisional president, Yuan Shikai, was responsible for his assassination. -
Japan's "21 Demands"
The Twenty-One Demands were a set of demands made by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu sent to the nominal government of the Republic of China on January 18, 1915, resulting in two treaties with Japan on May 25, 1915.
Japan wanted regional power over China. -
Yuan Shikai became the Emperor of China
Yuan proclaimed himself as the Emperor. However, faced a lot of opposition in this move, continually delayed taking the throne. -
Death of Yuan Shikai
He died from kidney failure in June 1916. After his death, the country quickly fragmented and warlordism became the norm. -
Warlord era starts
The Chinese Warlord Era was the period in the history of the Republic of China, from 1916 to 1928, when the country was divided among military cliques in the mainland China regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. The Warlord Era lasted from the death of Yuan Shikai until 1928, when the conclusion of the Northern Expedition with the Northeast Flag Replacement began the "Nanjing decade" -
May Fourth Movement
he May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919, protesting the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially the Shandong Problem. -
The Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Japan was granted with the former concessions in China - 4th May Movement grew from it. -
Foundation of Communist Party Of China
The Communist Party of China (CPC), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There is no 1 founder of it. It centralized media, military army and government. -
The first United Front
The First United Front ( the KMT–CPC Alliance) of the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) was formed in 1922 as an alliance to end warlordism in China. Together, they formed the National Revolutionary Army and set out in 1926 on the Northern Expedition.
Both parties had their own aims and the Front was unsustainable. In 1927, Nationalist Field Marshal (Generalissimo) Chiang Kai-shek purged the Communists from the Front while the Northern Expedition was still half-complete. -
Chiang Kai-shek became the leader of KMT
Chiang was an influential member of the Nationalist Party, the Kuomintang (KMT), and was a close ally of Sun Yat-sen. He became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy, and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT when Sun died in 1925. -
Northern Expedition
The Northern Expedition, was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (KMT) from 1926 to 1928. Its main objective was to unify China under the Kuomintang banner by ending the rule of local warlords. It led to the demise of the Beiyang government and to the Chinese reunification of 1928.
Led by Chiang Kai-shek. -
Nanjing Decade
The Nanjing decade was the decade from 1927 (or 1928) to 1937 in the Republic of China. It began when Nationalist Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek took the city from Zhili clique warlord Sun Chuanfang halfway through the Northern Expedition in 1927. He declared it to be the national capital despite the other Nationalists already having made Wuhan the capital. The Wuhan faction gave in and the expedition continued until the rival Beiyang government in Beijing was defeated in 1928. -
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began on September 19, 1931, when Manchuria was invaded by the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan immediately following the Mukden Incident. The Japanese established a puppet state, called Manchukuo, and their occupation lasted until the end of World War II. -
The Long March
The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army.
There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. The most well known is the march from Jiangxi province which began in October 1934.
The end was in October 1935. -
The Jiangsi Soviet(Southern Jiangsu Campaign)
It was a 1945 series battle fought at the Southern Jiangsu and adjacent regions in Anhui and northern Zhejiang, and it was a clash between the communists and the former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II with their Japanese ally.
The battle was one of the Chinese Civil War in the immediate post World War II era, and resulted in communist victory.
Date August 13, 1945 - August 28, 1945 -
Land Reform Law by Mao Zedong
Mao wanted everybody to be equal so land was transfered from rich landowners to poor ones.
Peasants were encouraged to spit out their rage and hatred towards landlords - about one million landlords were executed and lynched in front of a lot of people. -
The Hundred Flowers Campaign by Mao Zedong
1956-1957
Media was opened to criticism and free discussions about the government and its work but people not only complained about policies, but questioned the whole socialist framework of New China.
Critics were sent to reform their thinking through manual labour. -
Great Leap Forward by Mao Zedong
A plan intended as an alternative model for economic growth to the Soviet model focusing on heavy industry.
Small agricultural collectives which had been formed to date were rapidly merged into far larger people's communes -
Deng Xiaoping came to power
On 22 July 1977, Deng was restored to the posts of Vice-Chairman of the Central Committee, Vice-Chairman of the Military Commission and Chief of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army.(after the death of Mao Zedong & the Gang of Four was liquidated in October 1976) -
"A second revolution" by Deng Xiaoping
This involved reforming China's moribund economic system and "opening up to outside world." The market-oriented economic reforms launched by Deng were described as "Socialism with Chinese Characteristics." -
Twelfth National Congress of the Party(Deng's era)
Deng Xiaoping's lifeAt that Congress Deng summed up China's recent historical experience and drew a basic conclusion: the universal truth of Marxism must be integrated with the concrete realities of China, and China must blaze a trail of its own, building socialism with Chinese characteristics. -
Signing the Sino-British Joint Declaration
From 1980, Deng led the expansion of the economy and in political terms, took over negotiations with the United Kingdom to return the territory of Hong Kong, meeting personally with British prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The result of these negotiations was the Sino-British Joint Declaration signed. -
Tiananmen Square Massacre/ the June 4 Massacre
The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, also known as the June Fourth Incident in Chinese,[1] were popular demonstrations crushed by China's army on 4 June 1989, when China's leaders ordered the army to force the protesters out of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. On their way to the Square, soldiers killed protesters in unknown numbers.
