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Don Juana Pacheco
During 1821-1848 many ex-soldiers received grants for land. The families' husbands had immense power, but the wives were also held on a high pedestal. For example, Dona Juan Pacheco would receive a grant of 17,734 acres for her family after her husband passed away in what is now Contra Costa County. -
Maria Gertrudes Barcelo "La Tules"
Just like in California's society, New Mexico had women who were also held up high. For example, Maria Gertrudes Barcelo also known as "La Tules" was able to become healthy through her entrepreneurship and ranching. -
Hispanic Women On Commercial Expansion
Women were important in commercial expansion because of their businesses that were at almost every trail stop in New Mexico. Examples of this success were Rufina Vigil de Abeyta who was the director of Socorro County Bank and Frances Garcia who owned a lumberyard. -
First Women Lynched in California
Josefa Segovia alongside many Mexicanos was beginning to feel the oppression from the Anglos during these times. Josefa Segovia, unfortunately, lost her life due to this oppression although she was only trying to protect her cabin from an Anglo miner. -
The Hispanic Elite Women
During the 1850-1870s in Arizona, The Hispanic elite wanted to be accepted into Anglo society and they did so by having their daughters marry Anglo men. The Hispanic elite was trying to "whiten" their family line so that way they would avoid more complications -
Women Uniting Social Groups
In Upper Rio Grande, New Mexico, most Anglos would marry Hispano families and it was common. Unlike in Arizona however, they didn't do this to avoid trouble or complications. The Hispano women were like a bridge connecting both societies to shout out the ethnic hostility. -
Manuela Oaxaca Quinn
Manuela Quinn is described by her son as someone who can be seen as a heroic figure. She went to war to fight alongside men, stayed persistent to find her baby's father, and worked at jobs to make meets ends while still having her duties as a mother. Manuela Quinn, alongside many Mexicanas, were forced to make sacrifices to keep going. -
Leading Union Movements
Mexican women didn't just sit around doing nothing they also had work outside of the house. They had labor leaders like Lucy Gonzales Parsons helping them in the movements in the Southwest. The canning industry was one of the many unions dominated by Mexicanas and they even had made a culture of their own there. -
Emma Tenayuca
Emma Tenayuca was born in Texas and started her labor organizer in her senior year of high school in 1934 locally. She later lead a strike of local pecan-shelling workers which gave her nationwide prominence in 1938. Her brief career in leading labor unions ended when she moved to California in the late 1940s. Tenayuca went on to graduate from San Francisco State College and became one of the first Latinas to earn a college degree at that time. -
Feminist Issues
Asociacion Nacional Mexico-Americana (ANMA) were working-class members who fought to protect the rights of Mexicanos. They worked alongside many groups including Mexican women fighting for feminist issues. Most of the first national executive board were Mexicanas. For example, Isbel Gonzales was Vice President, Virginia Ruiz was executive secretary, etc.