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The Indian Removal Act
5 tribes resisted adapting to white assimilation, and America needed more land, so Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act. Southeastern tribes had to relocate to the land west of Mississippi River. -
Trail of Tears
Natives traveled over 5,000 miles to Indian Territory. Many Native Americans died due to starvation, sickness, extreme heat, cold, and exhaustion. -
Civil War
The Civil War, also known as the 4-year War, was fought between the Union(North) and the Confederacy(South). The two sides fought because of differences in what they believed was right, the South thought slaves were needed while the North wanted them free. -
The Reconstruction Treaties
Congress constructed new treaties, and tribes that sided with the Confederacy had to sign them. Indian Territory was cut in half, and they agreed to let the Union construct two railroads, which involved dealing with more Natives and white settlers. -
The Dawes Act
Divided reservation land into individual plots for ownership to make way for white settlement. It was an assimilation tactic. -
Oklahoma Land Rush
Land in Indian Territory was opened for settlement. The land belonged to whoever got to it first and was very cheap. -
Indian Reorganization Act
They presented federal grants to tribes that adopted constitutions. The U.S. wanted the tribes to substitute their governments with city board–style governments.