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1521
Spanish Conquest
Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire. -
Mexican War of Independence
Initiated by Miguel Hidalgo’s Grito de Dolores. -
Mexico's Independence
Mexico formally gains independence from Spain. -
Period: to
Mexican-American War
Conflict with the U.S. leading to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. -
New Constitution
Adoption of a new federal constitution. -
Period: to
Mexican Revolution
Major armed struggle for political and social reform. -
Establishment of the PRI
Institutional Revolutionary Party becomes dominant political force. -
Period: to
Mexican Economic Miracle
Period of rapid industrialization and economic growth. -
Tlatelolco Massacre
Government crackdown on student protests. -
Debt Crisis
Major economic crisis due to external debt. -
NAFTA Signed
North American Free Trade Agreement comes into effect. -
Vicente Fox elected President
End of PRI’s 71-year rule. -
Drug War escalates
Government’s crackdown on drug cartels intensifies. -
Enrique Peña Nieto elected President
PRI returns to power. -
Reform package
Major political and economic reforms are implemented. -
Andrés Manuel López Obrador elected President
Significant political shift with AMLO’s presidency. -
COVID-19 Pandemic
Mexico faces health and economic challenges. -
Electoral reforms
New legislative changes impacting the political landscape. -
National Guard creation
New security measures to address crime. -
Ongoing socio-economic challenges
Continued impacts of recent events and reforms.