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Querétaro Conspiracy
This conspiracy, which took place from 1808 (date not fully cemented) to 1810, was led by Doña Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez and included amongst its members Miguel Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende. It was masked as a "book club" until they were found out as traitors in September of 1810. -
Conspiracy is Discovered
The conspiracy is disccovered by the Spanish and the conspirateurs are to be arrested and tried for treason: Doña Josefa warns the rest of them, and they now have to face a hard decision. -
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INITIATION STAGE
The first stage of the independence -
Grito de Dolores
Cura Hidalgo had to make a rash decision: escape the authorities and let the movement die down a little, or seize his chance, change the movement to a caste issue, involve the mestizos and natives, and march immediately. He chose the latter, and issued the famous "Grito de Dolores." -
Alhóndiga de Granaditas
The insurgent army marches on the Alhóndiga de Granaditas; it is a bloody battle, with many deaths, but a victory for the rebels. It is so infamous, a myth prevails still today: "El Pipila," who supposedly carried a stone on his back and burned down the door of the Granary, is seen as a national hero today. -
Battle of Monte de las Cruces
There was a pivotal battle in Monte de las Cruces, near Mexico DF, and, though the rebel army won, it did not push forward: Hidalgo was afraid of his "savage" army and that the cause was becoming too convoluted. -
Battle of Calderón Bridge
Allende and Hidalgo's army fought General Félix Calleja's royalist army: they were pushed back after a stroke of luck, and the rebel army scattered. -
Death of Allende and Hidalgo
This is the end of the initiation stage of the independence. After the rebels scattered, Allende and Hidalgo were going to try to regroup in the US; they were betrayed, and executed. Hidalgo was tried before the inquisition, but eventually also executed. His severed head hung above the Alhóndiga. -
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CONSOLIDATION STAGE
Second stage of independence, led by José María Morelos. -
Congress of Chilpancingo
The Sentimientos de la Nación Constitution was proclaimed by José María Morelos -
Battle of Tezmalaca
Battle of Temalca was fought between Royalist army and the guerilla army of José María Morelos. The Royalist army won and Morelos was captured and killed. -
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RESISTANCE STAGE
Third stage of independence. Led by Caudillos such as Vicente Guerrero, Galeana, and Guadalupe Victoria -
Plan de Iguala
The Plan de Iguala is proclaimed by Agustín de Iturbid and Vicente Guerrero. It included three guarantees:
1. New Spain will be an independent constitutional monarchy, even in it’s own continent
2. Absolute monopoly of religion by the Catholic Church Now this is known as Flag Day
3. Equality for the classes -
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CONSUMMATION
The final stage; this was led primarily by Agustín de Iturbide - it was much more organized than the previous stages. -
Treaty of Córdoba
The Treaty of Córdoba, which established Mexico's independence, was signed by Agustín de Iturbide and Juan O'Donojú. -
Independence
Mexico is formally proclaimed, by the Spanish crown, an independent country. -
The First Emperor of Mexico
Agustine the First is crowned on this day, marking the first official government of an Independent Mexico.
