-
4500 BCE
Neolithic Period
Hassuna, Samarra, and Halaf were the civilizations.
In early cultures, ceramic remains. -
3800 BCE
Ubaid Period
Agriculture, irrigation canals: Intensive farming, surplus production. -
3100 BCE
Uruk Period
Cities, writing: State domination, Sumerian language. -
2154 BCE
Akkadians
First territorial state: Founded by Sargon, Semitic language. -
1900 BCE
Sumerians
First urban culture: Southern Mesopotamia, cuneiform writing. -
1595 BCE
Babylonians
Paleo-Babylonian Empire: King Hammurabi, fell to the Hittites. -
1050 BCE
Assyrians
Trade, empire Northern Mesopotamia, commercial districts. -
539 BCE
Chaldeans
Neo-Babylonian Empire: Founded by Nabopolassar, fell to Persians. -
331 BCE
Persians
Achaemenid dynasty: Conquered Neo-Babylonian Empire, defeated by Alexander.