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Edmund Husserl
Edmund Husserl died in April of 1938, he was one of the founders of phenomenology along with Hegel—and one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. He has made important contributions to almost all areas of philosophy science and anticipated central ideas of its neighboring disciplines such as linguistics, sociology, cognitive psychology, and more specifically logic, value theory and transcendental idealism(Utm).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvA9FxsM9G8 -
Intentionality
Husserl developed the idea of intentionality to serve as what he called act matter. That thought is intentional as it is in the nature of thought to be directed towards or about an object. This rang can include all phenomenon such as judgments, memories, aesthetics an basic perceptions. His goal for developing this idea was to help clarify other areas of concern, topis such as logic, epistemology and value are clear examples. -
Phenomenology
Husserl sought to develop a method in which he could create a framework of the essential structures of the "Directly given". Phenomenon focus's on the immediacy of experience an tries to isolate it from all other influences an assumptions. Basically that we need to see things for what is instead of what we perceive.
(Yearbook for Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1913-1930) -
Transcendental idealism
This is a methodological approach to a metaphysical world. Husserl claimed that transcendental idealism actually advanced beyond normal realism and had very clear distinctions. It in fat did not deny there being a real world, he only sought to clarify the sense of the world in which we partake. In laymen's terms he is saying that all objects in time and space are dependent upon the mind, Meaning we cannot imagine a world that is not mind dependent.