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The Egyptian Imhotep diagnosed and treated over 200 diseases. These included, 15 diseases of the abdomen, 11 of the bladder, 10 of the rectum, 29 of the eyes, and 18 of the skin, hair, nails and tongue. In addition to this, Imhotep treated diseases such as tuberculosis, gallstones, appendicitis, gout and arthritis.
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Greek philosopher and medical writer, Alcmaeon of Croton distinguished veins from arteries. In addition to this, he was also the first to identify the brain as the root of understanding and to distinguish understanding from perception.
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Hippocrates, the Greek "Father of Medicine" began the scientific study of medicine and prescribed a form of aspirin. Throughout his lifetime he discovered how to diagnose and give a prognosis to a patient. His most common diagnoses resulted in setting fractures, treating wounds, and feeding or comforting patients.
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Herophilus was mostly focused on studying the nervous system. During his lifetime, he looked at the eye, liver, salivary glands, pancreas, and genital organs of both genders. Through this he was able to begin naming some of our internal organs, such as the Duodenum, which is part of the small intestine
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Pedanius Dioscorides, who is considered the father of pharmacology, writes De Materia Medica, a book on botany and pharmaceuticals.
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Galen, the Greek physician to gladiators and Roman emperors, because of his work became more developed in his surgery skills and knowledge of anatomy. His most valuable innovation was Theriac, an herbal jam that worked as a cure-all for many diseases
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Rhazes, a well known alchemist and Muslim philosopher was the first physician to identify and treat smallpox and measles. As a philosopher he also wrote The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes, which was a summary of his life and accomplishments.
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Persian philosopher Avicenna, writes The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine, which examine the idea of existing.
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Roger Bacon's accomplishment during his lifetime was the invention spectacles
