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Plessy V. Ferguson
Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the white car of a train. The case went to the United States Supreme Court. His lawyer argued that the Seperate Car Act in Louisiana was violating the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment. The Plessy decision set that seperate facilities were constitutional as long as they were equal. This doctrine affected public life with restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, etc. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the First African American Justice of the Supreme Court. He joined the NAACP in 1934. He was the judge for the Brown V. Board of Education. He dedicated his life to fighting racism. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
An African American civil rights group at the national level. Its goal was“to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination”. Drastically helped with desegregation. -
Rosa Parks
Part of the NAACP, and one of the many symbols of the American civil rights movement. She refused to give her seat to a white man on a bus. She was then arrested, which outraged many people. -
Fannie Lou Hamer
She was an American voting rights activist and civil rights leader. She was the lady known for being "sick and tired of being sick and tired". Her speaking gave her the reputation that she was well mannered, and a good speaker. -
Malcom X
He was jailed when he was 20 for burglary. he studied the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, who was the head of the Nation of Islam, or the Black Muslims. He was a thinker, and speaker that was engaging for his audience. His ideas appealed to African American pride. -
Medgar Evers
Evers was an African American Activist for civil rights. His goal was to try to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi. He was murdered after an NAACP meeting. -
Dr. Martin luther King Jr.
Was a leader in the American civil rights movement. He spoke to a crowd of two hundred thousand people, with his I Have a Dream speech. He was assassinated, but his work carried on, to what we have today, civil rights wise. -
James Meredith
Was a writer, American Civil Right activist, writer, and political advisor. He was the first African American admitted into the University of Mississippi. His goal was to force the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights by using pressure. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Established that segregation in schooling was unconstitutional. The father of Linda Brown charged the board of education, because they violated Linda's rights by denying her to an elementary school, that was all white. The school was closer to her home, than the school she was currently going to. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
An event in the American Civil Rights movement that created change in America. African Americans and supporters would boycott, or not ride on public buses. Instead they would carpool, or take private cars. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
An African American Civil Rights Group. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the president of this group. Participated in many walks, marches, or protests to gain African American rights. -
The Little Rock Nine
Group of nine students who tried to go to school after the desegregation of schools. They had to be escorted in due to the aggressive students, who were against desegregation. The African American student had to face physical and emotional abuse during the school day. -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Comittee
A group that was created and known in the American Civil Rights Movement. The group used non violent ways of protest to achieve their goals. They were fighting segregation. -
Freedom Riders
Civil Right activists that rode buses through towns in America. These volunteers faced violence from non supporters. Their goal was to challenge the non enforcement of unconstitutional, segregated buses. -
March on Washington
More than 250,000 people showed in Washington. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a Dream" speech. The speech appealed for peace and racial harmony. The people there demanded the immediate passage of the civil rights bill. -
Sit-ins
A form of protest, where people who are participating, sit in an area or spot, and silently protesting. Their actions were as affective as words. Were used a lot of times during the Civil Rights movement. -
Civil Rights act of 1964
This law banned discrimination in public places based on race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most workplaces.The number of African Americans who finished high school and went to college increased dramatically. It was the most important civil rights legislation since reconstruction.. -
Freedom Summer
The civil rights groups recruited students and they were trained to protest non violently. Most of the volunteers were white. Their man goal was to influence Congress to pass a voting rights act. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This law made it easier for African Americans to register to vote. This got rid of the discriminatory literacy tests. This also authorized federal examiners to enroll voters that were denied at the local level. -
Black Panthers
Huey Newton and Bobby Seal founded the Black Panthers. It was meant to fight police brutality in the ghetto. it was advocating for self sufficiency for African American communities, with full employment and decent housing. -
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination
King was in Memphis to support the city's striking garbage workers. He was standing on his hotel balcony, where he was then shot. James Earl Ray was the assassin.
