-
The Battle of Tannenburg
-Propaganda
-Germans proved their superiority -
The Battle of Marne
-Saves Paris from German invasion
-Made it harder either side was capable of winning this way easily or guilty -
Troubles in Europe
Military: Competiton for territories
Armistice: Alliances (Triple alliances/ Entene)
Nationalism: Groups with similar aspects
Imperial: Expansion
Assassination: Archduke Franz Ferdinand -
A WW begins
Allied Powers: Great Britain France and Russia, Japan joins later
Central Powers: German and A-H, Ottoman Empire joins later
Balance Powers: Attempt to prevent one country dominating the others. -
New Technology
-Poison Gas
--First listed by the Germans in April 1915
--Allies began to use gas mask became standard equipment
-Armed Tank
--First used by Allies in January 1916
--Germans see effectiveness begin production
-Airplanes
--Most dramatic new weapon
--Observed troop movement, dropped bombs, “dogfights”
-U-Boats
--Great Britain blockade
--Submarine - attacked ships, changing course of war
American Neurally -
The Battle of Verdun
-German offensive attempting to break deadlock
-French advance… back to their original position -
The Battle of the Somme
-British- French offensive
-Allies gain 7 miles -
America Has Enough
-In March 1917, Germany attacked and sank 4 American ships, 36 people died
Wilson STILL didn’t want to go into war!
April 2, 1917, President Wilson asks Congress for declaration of war against Germany
Congress debates
Concern over profit from war
First women to serve in Congress, Jeannette Rankin, votes against declaration along with 56 other members
Declaration of War is official on April 6, 1917 -
American Neutrally
Election (1916)
-Submarine warfare led U.S. to strengthen military
Antiwar sentiment remained strong
Wilson nominated for 2nd term
Republicans divided
Republican candidate Charles Evans Hughes
On Earth of War (1917)
-January 1917, Germany reversed its policy on submarine warfare
Amused that they would sink on sight all vessels sailing to allied ports
Germans believed that they could defeat Allies before the Americans ever go into the war
Wilson breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany -
American Neurally Continuation...
The Zimmerman Telegram
-Secret telegram from Germany to Mexico
Intercepted by the British
Newspaper published the secret Zimmerman telegram on March 1, 1917
In Russia...
Russian people overthrew the monarchy
Many Americans believe that
The new Russian government vowed to defeat Germany (did not take place)
President Wilson could then claim that the Allies wars fighting in war against autocracy (it did happen) -
American Mobilzation
Selective Service Act
24 million registered, 8 million called to serve, 2 million volunteer
Thousands of women enlisted to armed forces
300,000 Americans join the army and navy
Most worked annual jobs
140,000 wars sent to Europe - 40,000 fought
Henry Johnson was the first American to receive the French Croix de Guerre (Cross of War) for bravery
