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Period: 1924 BCE to 1998 BCE
JEAN-FRANÇOIS LYOTARD
"Scientific knowledge is a kind of discourse," wrote Jean-François Lyotard, a French philosopher whose best-known work, The Postmodern Condition, was published in 1979, much to his disgust. Lyotard maintained that events constantly occur in the face of what is not presentable to a phenomenology, discourse, language game, or phrase regimen, from his early work on phenomenology through Discourse, Figure, Libidinal Economy, and The Postmodern Condition. -
Period: 1770 BCE to 1831 BCE
GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL
“Too fair to worship, too divine to love.” Hegel was a German philosopher who is regarded as the founder of German idealism. Hegel essentially views human civilizations as progressing in the same way that an argument does. He also believed that we do not directly sense the world or anything in it, and that all our minds have access to are world ideas—images, perceptions, and concepts. -
Period: 1724 BCE to 1804 BCE
IMMANUEL KANT
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who was a key figure in the Enlightenment. He claims that human reason gives itself the moral law, which is our basis for belief in God, freedom, and immortality, and that human knowledge is the source of the general laws of nature that organize all of our experiences. Kant is regarded as one of the most significant thinkers in modern Western philosophy because of his comprehensive and systematic works. -
Period: 1588 BCE to 1679 BCE
THOMAS HOBBES
“Words are the money of fools.” Hobbes is best recognized for his political ideas, which he rightfully deserves. His main focus is the issue of social and political order: how humans can coexist peacefully and avoid the risk and fear of civil war. Laws are valid, according to a positivist, not because they are based on natural law, but because they are enacted by legal authority and accepted by society. -
Period: 620 BCE to 546 BCE
THALES OF MILETUS
Thales of Miletus was a pre-Socratic and Ancient Greek philosopher who influenced many people. He was one of the legendary Seven Wise Men, or Sophoi, of antiquity, according to tradition. He is best known for his cosmology, which depicted the Earth as a flat disk floating in a huge sea, with water as the essence of all matter. Thales' hypotheses were innovative and daring, and by liberating phenomena from divine influence, he set the ground for scientific inquiry. -
Period: 469 BCE to 399 BCE
SOCRATES (499 BC - 399 BC)
“An unexamined life is not worth living.” Socrates was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is widely regarded as the father of Western philosophy. Plato's dialogues, which have made a significant contribution to the disciplines of ethics and education, are his most famous works. He felt that virtue could be known, even though he did not claim to know it himself, and that those who conduct badly do so only because they are unaware of or misunderstand the true nature of virtue. -
Period: 428 BCE to 348 BCE
PLATO
“Never discourage anyone who continually makes progress, no matter how slow.” Plato was a Greek philosopher and the founder of the Academy at Athens, which is regarded as the world's first university. Plato's philosophy of virtue and human fulfillment is concerned with people's attempts to live happy lives. The wise person, according to Plato, uses her mind to comprehend moral truth and then apply it to her daily life. -
Period: 384 BCE to 322 BCE
ARISTOTLE (384 BC - 322 BC)
“The law is reason, free from passion.” Aristotle was regarded as one of the most prominent philosophers of all time, having made significant contributions to logic, mathematics, ethics, and other fields. Virtues, according to Aristotle, are excellent habits that we develop and that manage our emotions. In contrast to Plato, he did not believe virtues to be simple knowledge in his philosophy. He described it as something that should be done in moderation and in harmony with nature.