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Sedition Act
-Were four bills passed by the Federalist-dominated 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798.
-They made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen, allowed the president to imprison and deport non-citizens who were deemed dangerous or who were from a hostile nation, and criminalized making false statements that were critical of the federal government. -
Eugene V. Debs
(didn't know what date to use, so I just used the date when he was born)
-Was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.
-Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. -
Jim Crow laws
-Were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
-These laws continued to be enforced until 1965.
-They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
-Was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.
-The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the US–China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the US to suspend Chinese immigration.
-Was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902.
-Was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. -
Sinking of the Lusitania
-Occurred on Friday, 7 May 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom which had implemented a naval blockade of Germany.
-The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany, contributed to the American entry into World War I and became an iconic symbol in military recruiting campaigns of why the war was being fought. -
Red Scare
-Is the promotion by a state or society of widespread fear of a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism.
-The First Red Scare revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution and political radicalism.
-The Second Red Scare was preoccupied with perceived national or foreign communists infiltrating or subverting U.S. society or the federal government. -
Zimmerman Telegram
-Was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States entering World War I against Germany.
-Revelation of the contents enraged American public opinion, especially after the German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman publicly admitted the telegram was genuine on March 3, and helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany in April. -
18th Amendment
-Effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal.
-The separate Volstead Act set down methods for enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, and defined which "intoxicating liquors" were prohibited, and which were excluded from prohibition.
-Was the first to set a time delay before it would take effect following ratification, and the first to set a time limit for its ratification by the states. -
19th Amendment
-Prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex.
-Was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement in the United States, which fought at both state and national levels to achieve the vote.
-Overruled Minor v. Happersett, in which a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not give women the right to vote. -
Immigration Act of 1924
-Was a United States federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States as of the 1890 census, down from the 3% cap set by the Emergency Quota Act of 1921, which used the Census of 1910.
-Was primarily aimed at further restricting immigration of Southern Europeans and Eastern Europeans, especially Italians and Eastern European Jews. -
John Scopes - The Monkey Trial
-Was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.
-Was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held.
-Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught some evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so that the case could have a defendant. -
20th Amendment
-Moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3.
-Has provisions that determine what is to be done when there is no president-elect. -
21st Amendment
-Repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 16, 1919.
-It is unique among the 27 amendments of the U.S. Constitution for being the only one to repeal a prior amendment and to have been ratified by state ratifying conventions.