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Unification of England and Scotland
Unification led to the nation/area of Great Britain. Lead to a unified Atlantic economy that economically benefited both the country and the colonies. The cause of the union between these two countries was the death of Queen Elizabeth. Since she has no heir to claim the throne, the first in succession was James I, who was the king of Scotland, so the two countries had the same monarch. -
End of the Wars of Spanish Succession
The end result of the wars was the opportunity for Britain to gain more control than both Spain and France. Britain now had the opportunity to take over trade from the other two countries, which led to the rise of the Industrial Revolution (to make sure Britain would still be the still the biggest superpower). The Industrial Revolution altered the ives of many Europeans, as they had to face new challenges such as dangerous jobs and making low wages while living in Urban areas -
Introduction to Crop Rotation
The invention of crop rotation by Charles Townshend led improved farming and led to more successful farming, boosting the agrarian economy and reducing drought. Crop rotation is essentially changing what crop is planted in certain areas every so often to keep the soil nutrient. The use of crop rotation increased productivity leading to a higher success rate and more income. Additionally, this led to less concern of there being a shortage of crops for individuals in Europe. -
Evangelical Revival
The Evangelical Revival was a widespread religious movement that swept through Great Britain. The Evangelical Revival took place at the same time as the First Great Awakening in the colonies in America. The Evangelical Revival catered to those of the lower classes of European society. The Evangelical Revival raised religious enthusiasm in British citizens and caused an increase in conversions to Protestantism.This revival started in the 1730s and went into the 1740s. -
Pugachev Rebellion
The Pugachev Rebellion was the largest peasant revolt that Russia had experienced so far. Similar to many revolts throughout Europe, the peasants in Russia were being neglected and mistreated, which sparked the revolt. The peasants demanded freedom and their own land. The revolt was suppressed by the Russian army, but it later led to less neglect and restrictions that were placed on the peasants. -
The Great Frost of 1739
The Great Frost of 1739 was during a harsh winter in Ireland where there was extremely cold temperatures. This event led to hypothermia becoming common in the people and an increase in starvation. The frost also led to the collapse of many farms, meaning that there were virtually no crops for the population to eat. The end result was the death of thousands of Irish people. -
Irish Famine
The Irish Famine of 1740 was due to weather conditions that altered the success of agrarian dependent society. The harsh weather resulted in the loss of many crops that Ireland was dependent on for their food supply. The lack of a sufficient amount of crops led to the starvation of many Irish individuals. The end result of the Irish Famine was the death of over 2 million people. -
Wealth of Nations
The Wealth of Nations is a book that was written by Adam Smith during the Enlightenment Era. The book discusses how a successful economy should work. Smith claimed that a country should reduce imports and increase exports to make for a successful economy. It can be seen that the Wealth of Nations influenced European countries such as England when it came to the control of imports and exports to/from their American colonies. -
End of the American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War was a conflict between the British colonies in America and Britain. Although the war took place in America, it still impacted those in Europe. The war ultimately ended mercantilism, which led to the decline the British economy. Also, Britain could no longer rely on goods produced by the colonies, meaning that the responsibility to produce those goods fell back upon the British citizens. -
Start of the French Revolution
The French Revolution completely changed the lives of the French. The revolution started due to the unfair taxation of the people due to the economy, which was in shambles. However, the French Revolution resulted in more freedoms for the French people such as the freedom of speech and press. These new freedoms led to an increase in things such as art of festivities for the French people.